Читать книгу The Orthodontic Mini-implant Clinical Handbook - Richard Cousley - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 The three principal sections of a mini‐implant: the head superfic...Figure 1.2 (a) Direct anchorage where this grey elastomeric attachment provi...Figure 1.3 Coronal slice views of a CBCT scan of the maxilla (a) before and ...Figure 1.4 Intraoral radiographs taken after (a) insertion of a cylindricall...Figure 1.5 Overgrowth of the labial sulcular tissues caused by these mandibu...Figure 1.6 (a) Photograph of lower anterior mini‐implants immediately after ...Figure 1.7 (a) Hyperplasia of the palatal mucosa covering an overinserted mi...Figure 1.8 Labial ulceration caused by this mandibular mini‐implant's insert...Figure 1.9 (a) Elastomeric traction auxiliary in contact with the alveolar m...Figure 1.10 Diagrams showing the vertical side‐effects of an oblique vector ...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 An axial cone beam CT where the cortical bone is seen as the peri...Figure 2.2 A panoramic radiograph which illustrates the typical variations i...Figure 2.3 Photographs showing typical peri‐implant soft tissue inflammation...Figure 2.4 Lateral cephalograms of mini‐implant anchorage patients exhibitin...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Diagram of the Infinitas mini‐implant head showing its four brack...Figure 3.2 Diagram of an obliquely inserted Infinitas mini‐implant with a co...Figure 3.3 Diagram of an obliquely inserted mini‐implant where the body trav...Figure 3.4 Packaging of presterilised Infinitas mini‐implants. The mini‐impl...Figure 3.5 Diagram showing how the body's coronal section tapers out from a ...Figure 3.6 Diagram of the Infinitas cortical bone punch traversing the mucos...Figure 3.7 Handpiece insertion of an Infinitas mini‐implant on the palatal a...Figure 3.8 Drilling of the palatal aspect of a plaster model, with the drill...Figure 3.9 (a) Infinitas analogues have been inserted into predrilled holes ...Figure 3.10 A finished insertion stent where the insertion hole in the plast...Figure 3.11 Diagram of a (green) computer‐generated guidance stent, with twi...Figure 3.12 (a,b) Illustrations of a unilateral palatal stent designed using...Figure 3.13 (a–c) Diagrams of a CBCT software package being used to plan pla...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Periapical radiographs taken (a,b) before and (c,d) after inserti...Figure 4.2 The two sides of a mini‐implant patient information leaflet, whic...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Flowchart highlighting the most common insertion site planning co...Figure 5.2 (a) Panoramic and (b) intraoral pretreatment radiographs of the d...Figure 5.3 (a) A reformatted CBCT image of the right maxilla taken to assess...Figure 5.4 A reformatted CBCT image of the maxilla in a 19‐year‐old female, ...Figure 5.5 Reformatted CBCT image of the maxilla in (a) adolescent and (b) a...Figure 5.6 The upper and lower mucogingival junctions are highlighted as bla...Figure 5.7 Two different versions of powerarms being used in the upper arch ...Figure 5.8 (a) Pretreatment panoramic and (b) intraoral postinsertion radiog...Figure 5.9 (a) Intraoral radiograph of an adult where early loss of a first ...Figure 5.10 The clear elastomeric attachment provides horizontally orientate...Figure 5.11 Diagrams of (a) oblique and (b) horizontal vectors of traction t...Figure 5.12 (a) Pretreatment panoramic, (b) preinsertion and (c) postinserti...Figure 5.13 Diagrams of the premolar and first molar teeth where (a) the sec...Figure 5.14 Algorithms (flowcharts) highlighting the most common considerati...Figure 5.15 Lateral cephalogram showing the midline palatal bone thickness a...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Local anaesthesia being injected directly into the insertion site...Figure 6.2 A manual screwdriver placed within the stent's buccal guidance cy...Figure 6.3 The circular piece of excised attached mucosa is seen adjacent to...Figure 6.4 Diagram of the Infinitas cortical bone punch traversing the mucos...Figure 6.5 Freehand manual insertion of a 2.0 mm diameter mini‐implant in th...Figure 6.6 Handpiece insertion of an Infinitas mini‐implant on the palatal a...Figure 6.7 A photograph of Infinitas (short neck) mini‐implants at three dif...Figure 6.8 The long (manual) screwdriver insert is being detached from the m...Figure 6.9 Periapical radiographs taken (a) during and (b) after insertion o...Figure 6.10 (a) Illustration of a mini‐implant where the traction spring has...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Indirect anchorage involving a stainless steel ligature from the ...Figure 7.2 (a) This patient had extraction of the upper first premolar teeth...Figure 7.3 Diagram showing a horizontal vector of traction from the posterio...Figure 7.4 Photographs of single‐tooth powerarms. The left one has been made...Figure 7.5 Diagram showing the effects of an oblique vector of traction wher...Figure 7.6 Alveolar necking in the right maxillary first premolar extraction...Figure 7.7 Lateral cephalograms of an adult patient (a) before treatment and...Figure 7.8 The patient shown in Figure 6.1 after (a) removal of the mini‐imp...Figure 7.9 An adult patient with limited height of attached gingiva at the u...Figure 7.10 (a–e) Pretreatment. (f–i) Following insertion of palatal mini‐im...Figure 7.11 (a–g) Pretreatment views of the Class II division 1 malocclusion...Figure 7.12 (a–d) Pretreatment views showing the Class II division 2 maloccl...Figure 7.13 (a–e) Pretreatment photographs showing the Class II division 1 m...Figure 7.14 (a–e) Pretreatment photographs showing the Class III malocclusio...Figure 7.15 (a–f) Pretreatment views showing the Class II division 1 maloccl...Figure 7.16 (a–c) Pretreatment photographs showing the Class I malocclusion,...Figure 7.17 (a–c) Pretreatment intraoral photographs showing the Class III m...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a–c) Pretreatment photographs and a lateral cephalogram showing ...Figure 8.2 (a) A coronal view of a CBCT image showing the mandibular buccal ...Figure 8.3 (a–f) Pretreatment photographs and lateral cephalogram showing th...Figure 8.4 (a,b) Pretreatment view of an adult patient showing a Class II ma...Figure 8.5 (a,b) Intraoral photographs of a 17‐year‐old female presenting wi...Figure 8.6 Diagram showing traction from a mini‐implant, inserted in the pal...Figure 8.7 (a,b) Intraoral photographs showing the Class II malocclusion wit...Figure 8.8 (a–c) Pretreatment views showing the severe Class III malocclusio...Figure 8.9 (a–f) Pretreatment photographs showing this adult patient's dento...Figure 8.10 (a) A pushcoil distaliser with a 0.019 × 0.025 in. steel archwir...Figure 8.11 (a) Photograph of a working model showing two metal abutments pl...Figure 8.12 (a–f) Photographs showing a Class II division 2 malocclusion on ...Figure 8.13 (a–d) Molar distalisation beginning after a maxillary advancemen...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 (a–c) Pretreatment views of an adolescent patient who presented w...Figure 9.2 (a) The mini‐implant was inserted mesial to the lower left canine...Figure 9.3 (a,b) Pretreatment views of a 14‐year‐old boy with a Class I malo...Figure 9.4 Direct palatal anchorage in the form of a bone‐anchored mesialise...Figure 9.5 Diagram of the side‐effects of oblique traction from an anterior ...Figure 9.6 Right buccal photographs of (a) an adolescent girl who presented ...Figure 9.7 Diagram of bodily molar protraction utilising a powerarm connecte...Figure 9.8 (a) An adult patient with a double molar tube bonded on the upper...Figure 9.9 Supplementary elastomeric traction applied from the (buccal) arch...Figure 9.10 (a–f) Pretreatment views showing the Class II division 2 maloccl...Figure 9.11 (a–f) Pretreatment views showing this Class II division 2 malocc...Figure 9.12 (a–f) Pretreatment views showing this Class II division 2 malocc...Figure 9.13 (a) Panoramic radiograph of this 14‐year‐old boy showing the sev...Figure 9.14 (a) Diagram of counter‐clockwise (CCW) rotational side‐eff...Figure 9.15 (a–d) Pretreatment view showing this Class I malocclusion and ab...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 (a) Pretreatment profile view of a adult patient with a Class II...Figure 10.2 Diagram of incisor intrusion mechanics where vertical traction i...Figure 10.3 (a) Pretreatment views showing this severe Class II division 1 m...Figure 10.4 (a) Pretreatment view of this adult patient showing the overerup...Figure 10.5 (a) Pretreatment intraoral buccal view of a 15‐year‐old boy show...Figure 10.6 Diagram of palatal mini‐implants inserted mesial and distal to t...Figure 10.7 Diagram showing the biomechanical side‐effects of posterior intr...Figure 10.8 (a) A palatal photograph showing an ‘intrusion’ quadhelix, fitte...Figure 10.9 (a–e) Pretreatment photographs of a 15‐year‐old girl who present...Figure 10.10 (a) Upper occlusal photograph showing an intrusion quadhelix in...Figure 10.11 (a,b).Pretreatment photographs of an adult female patient who p...Figure 10.12 (a) Fabrication of a customised intrusion TPA where the wire is...Figure 10.13 Palatal view showing an ‘L’ shape configuration of NiTi coil tr...Figure 10.14 (a–e) Pretreatment photographs showing a Class II division 1 ma...Figure 10.15 (a–e) Pretreatment photographs showing a Class II division 1 ma...Figure 10.16 (a–g) Pretreatment photographs showing the Class I malocclusion...Figure 10.17 (a–g) Pretreatment photographs showing the Class II malocclusio...

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 (a–e) Pretreatment photographs showing this Class II division 2 ...Figure 11.2 (a–g) Pretreatment views showing this Class II division 2 malocc...Figure 11.3 (a–e) Pretreatment views showing the Class III malocclusion, pal...Figure 11.4 (a) A panoramic radiograph showing absence of the left maxillary...Figure 11.5 (a–g) Photographs taken at the start of treatment, showing the m...Figure 11.6 Photographs of the left side of an adult dentition where the upp...Figure 11.7 (a–e) Pretreatment views where the patient's habitual smile part...

12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Example of an adult patient with a palatally ectopic left maxill...Figure 12.2 (a–c) Pretreatment views of this Class II division 1 malocclusio...Figure 12.3 (a–d) Pretreatment photographs showing the absent upper left lat...Figure 12.4 (a–d) Preorthodontic photographs showing the recently exposed ri...Figure 12.5 (a,b) Pretreatment photographs showing this girl's Class I maloc...Figure 12.6 (a–d) Pretreatment photographs showing a Class I malocclusion wh...

13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 (a) Palatal view photograph showing a bone‐borne RME appliance i...Figure 13.2 (a,b) Pretreatment photographs of a 27‐year‐old male with a narr...Figure 13.3 A 19‐year‐female patient had non‐surgical RME with a Haas‐type b...Figure 13.4 Palatal photographs of a patient unsuitable for midpalate sited ...Figure 13.5 (a,b) Pre‐expansion photographs of a 26‐year‐old female undergoi...Figure 13.6 A hybrid hyrax RME appliance on a demonstration model of the max...Figure 13.7 (a–d) Pretreatment photographs illustrating the Class III malocc...Figure 13.8 (a–d) Pretreatment photographs illustrating the Class I malocclu...Figure 13.9 (a–d) Pretreatment photographs illustrating the Class II divisio...Figure 13.10 (a–d) Pretreatment photographs illustrating the Class II divisi...Figure 13.11 Flowchart summarising the relationship between patient age, ske...

14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 (a) Photograph of 6 mm (left) and 9 (right) mm length IMT mini‐i...Figure 14.2 (a–h) Pretreatment photographs illustrating this Class III maloc...Figure 14.3 (a–e) Pretreatment photographs illustrating this compensated Cla...Figure 14.4 (a–f) Pretreatment views of this female's Class III dentofacial ...Figure 14.5 (a–d) Pretreatment photographs of this 16‐year‐old female, illus...Figure 14.6 (a–e) Pretreatment photographs and lateral cephalogram of this 2...Figure 14.7 (a–f) Pretreatment views showing the combination of Class III an...Figure 14.8 (a–d) Presurgical photographs and lateral cephalogram of the sev...Figure 14.9 (a–d) Preoperative photographs and radiographs showing this 19‐y...Figure 14.10 (a–g) Preoperative photographs, radiographs and cephalometric f...Figure 14.11 (a,b) Photographs of a preoperative working model of the maxill...Figure 14.12 Panoramic radiograph showing mini‐implants inserted in an ortho...Figure 14.13 A lateral cephalogram showing the alveolar depth in the anterio...Figure 14.14 Close‐up views of the IMT mini‐implants showing their head's la...