Читать книгу Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology - Robert Weis - Страница 108

1 Mrs. Johnson referred her 5-year-old son, Billy, to a psychologist because Billy showed problems with oppositional and defiant behavior (e.g., crying, throwing tantrums, sassing back). The psychologist observed Mrs. Johnson and Billy during a 20-minute play session in the clinic. During the session, Mrs. Johnson repeatedly yelled at Billy and threatened to spank him. How might Billy’s behavior problems be explained by the transaction between Billy and his mother?

2 Are you and your biological siblings alike? Although you and your brother or sister might have been raised by the same parents and grew up in the same home, you might have different personalities, interests, and goals for the future. Use the concept of shared and nonshared environmental factors to explain why two biological siblings who grow up in the same household can be so different.

3 Savannah is a 12-year-old girl who is extremely shy in social situations. She loves computer programming and graphic design and wants to take a class this summer to develop her skills. However, she is afraid to go. How might you use graded exposure to help Savannah overcome her anxiety about attending the class?

4 Bruno is a 14-month-old infant who participates in the strange situation. When left alone, Bruno becomes greatly upset and cries considerably. However, when his mother returns to the room, he runs to her, motions to be picked up, and sinks into her arms. An observer comments, “Bruno doesn’t seem to be securely attached. He’s so easily upset when his mother leaves!” Is this statement accurate?

5 Diana Baumrind discovered that children from authoritative families often show the best developmental outcomes. However, most research supporting this conclusion has been conducted with middle-class, non-Latino White families. How might SES or ethnicity affect the relationship between parenting behavior and children’s outcomes?