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LESSON 8

“Is” and “Has”

There are two verbs which translate the English word is, am, are, be in Korean: isseoyo 있어요 exists, stays and ieyo 이에요 equals. You use ieyo when you have a sentence which can be reduced to the formula A = B:

A = B A B =

This IS a book. Igeon, chaek ieyo. 이건 책 이에요

Notice that the formula has to change in Korean because the verb always comes at the end. The verb expression ieyo is peculiar in that it always has something in front of it, with which it is linked in pronunciation. (Other verbs can make a complete sentence by themselves.) The vowel i is included in the “eyo” part when it follows a vowel so that you get yeyo 예요 instead of 이에요. Some people also drop the 이 altogether and just use eyo 에요. The examples below are written with eyo, but all could also be written with yeyo 예요 instead.

Geugeon japji eyo.

그건 잡지에요.

That is a magazine.

Gicha eyo.

기차에요.

(It)’s a train.

Mwo eyo?

뭐에요?

What is (it)?

Bihaenggi eyo.

비행기에요.

It’s an airplane.

Nugu eyo?

누구에요?

Who is it?

Jeo eyo.

저에요.

It’s me.

Geu saram, nugueyo?

그 사람 누구에요?

Who is that person? Who is he?

I saram, nae chingu eyo.

이 사람 내 친구에요.

This person is my friend.

Hakgyo seonsaengnim ieyo.

학교 선생님이에요.

He’s a school teacher.

Hanguk (s)saram ieyo?

한국 사람이에요?

Is he a Korean (person)?

Aniyo. Miguk (s)saram ieyo.

아니요. 미국 사람이에요.

No. He’s an American (person).

Yeogi eodi eyo?

여기 어디에요?

Where is this place?

Jeogi cheoldoyeok ieyo.

저기 철도역 이에요.

(That place) over there is a railroad station.

Gonghang-i, eodi eyo?

공항이 어디에요?

Where (what place) is the airport?

Jeogi eyo.

저기에요.

It’s (that place) over there.

Whenever is refers merely to EXISTENCE or to LOCATION rather than to IDENTIFICATION, you use isseoyo.

Don(-i), isseoyo?

돈(이) 있어요?

Is there any money?

Eodi isseoyo?

어디있어요?

Where is it?

Jungguk (s)saram(-i), eodi isseoyo?

중국 사람이 어디있어요?

Where’s the Chinese (person)?

This is the ordinary way of saying has or got: I’ve got a cat. = There exists a cat.

Goyangi-ga isseoyo.

고양이가 있어요.

(Someone) has a cat. OR There is a cat.

Gimssi, jadongcha(-ga) isseoyo?

김씨 자동차(가) 있어요?

Do you have a car, Mr. Kim?

Aniyo. Jajeongeo-man isseoyo.

아니요. 자전거만 있어요.

No, I have only a bicycle.

To say does not have or hasn’t got you use the verb expression eopseoyo:

Sigan(-i) eopseoyo.

시간(이) 없어요.

There isn’t time = I haven’t any time.

Don(-i) eopseoyo.

돈(이) 없어요

I haven’t any money.

Sige(-ga) eopseoyo?

시계(가) 없어요?

Haven’t you got a watch (clock)?

Ai(-ga) eopseoyo?

아이(가) 없어요?

Don’t you have any children?