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LBP is the most common MSD with lifetime prevalence estimates ranging from 65 to 80% (Manchikanti, 2000). Approximately 9–12% of people (632 million) have LBP at any given point in time, and nearly 25% report having it at some point over a 1‐month period (Mayer & Gatchel, 1988; Waddell, 1987). Estimates of the annual prevalence of LBP range from 15 to 45% with a point prevalence of approximately 30% (Andersson, 1999). Sixty percent of those who suffer from acute LBP recover in 6 weeks and up to 80–90% recover within 12 weeks; however, the recovery of the remaining patients with LBP is less certain (Andersson, 1999).

Historical data suggest that in Americans less than 45 years of age, chronic LBP is the commonest cause of disability (Kelsey & White 3rd, 1980; Waddell, 1987). Each year, 3–4% of the US population is temporarily disabled, and 1% of the working‐age population is totally and permanently disabled by LBP (Andersson, 1999; Cunningham & Kelsey, 1984; Mayer & Gatchel, 1988). Difficulty most often begins between 20 and 40 years of age (Casazza, 2012). Men and women are approximately equally affected (“Back Pain Fact Sheet”, NINDS, 2014). LBP is more common among people aged between 40 and 80 years, with the overall number of individuals affected expected to increase as the population ages (Hoy, 2012).

Although common in the general population, there is considerable evidence that LBP risk is exacerbated by the performance of occupational tasks, and account for a significant portion of morbidity in occupational settings. A great deal of evidence suggests that heavy physical work, repetitive lifting, prolonged static work postures, bending and twisting, and exposure to whole‐body vibration likely contribute to the development of LBP (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH], 1997; National Research Council – Institute of Medicine, 2001). Jobs that are highly demanding, that involve prolonged standing, and that require awkward lifting are among work‐related physical risk factors for LBP (Sterud & Tynes, 2013).