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The Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) was the most prevalent data storage medium until recently to store the data generated by the organizations. A large number of vendors provide database systems. These RDBMS were devised to store the data that were beyond the storage capacity of a single computer. The inception of a new technology is always due to limitations in the older technologies and the necessity to overcome them. Below are the limitations of traditional database in handling big data.

 Exponential increase in data volume, which scales in terabytes and petabytes, has turned out to become a challenge to the RDBMS in handling such a massive volume of data.

 To address this issue, the RDBMS increased the number of processors and added more memory units, which in turn increased the cost.

 Almost 80% of the data fetched were of semi‐structured and unstructured format, which RDBMS could not deal with.

 RDBMS could not capture the data coming in at high velocity.

Table 1.1 shows the differences in the attributes of RDBMS and big data.