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Big data is distinguished by its exceptional characteristics with various dimensions. Figure 1.2 illustrates various dimensions of big data. The first of its dimensions is the size of the data. Data size grows partially because the cluster storage with commodity hardware has made it cost effective. Commodity hardware is a low cost, low performance, and low specification functional hardware with no distinctive features. This is referred by the term “volume” in big data technology. The second dimension is the variety, which describes its heterogeneity to accept all the data types, be it structured, unstructured, or a mix of both. The third dimension is velocity, which relates to the rate at which the data is generated and being processed to derive the desired value out of the raw unprocessed data. The complexities of the data captured pose a new opportunity as well as a challenge for today’s information technology era.

Figure 1.2 3 Vs of big data.