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Multiple disparate data sources are responsible for the tremendous increase in the volume of big data. Much of the growth in data can be attributed to the digitization of almost anything and everything in the globe. Paying E‐bills, online shopping, communication through social media, e‐mail transactions in various organizations, a digital representation of the organizational data, and so forth, are some of the examples of this digitization around the globe.

 Sensors: Sensors that contribute to the large volume of big data are listed below.Accelerometer sensors installed in mobile devices to sense the vibrations and other movements.Proximity Sensors used in public places to detect the presence of objects without physical contact with the objects.Sensors in vehicles and medical devices.

 Health care: The major sources of big data in health care are:Electronic Health Records (EHRs) collect and display patient information such as past medical history, prescriptions by the medical practitioners, and laboratory test results.Patient portals permit patients to access their personal medical records saved in EHRs.Clinical data repository aggregates individual patient records from various clinical sources and consolidates them to give a unified view of patient history.

 Black box: Data are generated by the black box in airplanes, helicopters, and jets. The black box captures the activities of flight, flight crew announcements, and aircraft performance information.Figure 1.5 Sources of big data.

 Web data: Data generated on clicking a link on a website is captured by the online retailers. This is perform click stream analysis to analyze customer interest and buying patterns to generate recommendations based on the customer interests and to post relevant advertisements to the consumers.

 Organizational data: E‐mail transactions and documents that are generated within the organizations together contribute to the organizational data.Figure 1.5 illustrates the data generated by various sources that were discussed above.