Читать книгу Concise Handbook of Fluorocarbon Gases - Sina Ebnesajjad - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
4 Preface
5 1 Introduction 1.1 Terminology 1.2 Production and Consumption Statistics of Fluorocarbons 1.3 Production and Consumption Statistics of Fluoropolymers 1.4 Production and Consumption Statistics of Fluoroelastomers 1.5 Production and Consumption Statistics of Fluorinated Coatings 1.6 Specialty Fluorochemicals References
6 2 Classification and Description of Commercial Fluorinated Compounds 2.1 Fluorine and Fluorochemicals 2.2 Fluorocarbons 2.3 Designations for Fluorocarbons 2.4 Fluoropolymers and Fluoroelastomers 2.5 Fluorinated Coatings 2.6 Summary References
7 3 Fluorine Sources and Basic Fluorocarbon Reactions 3.1 Role of Fluorine in Fluorocarbons 3.2 Fluorine Sources 3.3 Fluorocarbon Compounds 3.4 Hydrofluoric Acid 3.5 Aliphatic Fluorinated Organic Compounds 3.6 Synthesis of Fluorocarbons References
8 4 Applications of Fluorocarbon Gases and Liquids 4.1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 4.2 Oil in Refrigerants 4.3 Monomers and Intermediates 4.4 Foam Blowing 4.5 Aerosol Propellants 4.6 Fire Extinguishing Agents 4.7 Cleaning and Drying Solvents 4.8 Carrier Fluids/Lubricant Deposition 4.9 Heat Transfer 4.10 Etchants 4.11 Medical Applications 4.12 Usage of HCFCs and HFCs 4.13 Breakdown of Fluorocarbons in Applications 4.14 Summary References
9 5 Refrigeration Cycle and Refrigerant Selection: How Refrigerant Gases Work? 5.1 Refrigeration Cycle 5.2 Selection of Right Refrigerant 5.3 Refrigerant Blends 5.4 Comparison of Refrigerator and Air Conditioning Systems References
10 6 Preparation of Fluorocarbons 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Classification of Fluorocarbons 6.3 Preparation of Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 6.4 Fluorocarbon Replacements of CFCs 6.5 Substitutes for CFCs: HCFC and HFC 6.6 Preparation of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) 6.7 Preparation Perfluorinated Alkanes 6.8 Summary References
11 7 Properties of Fluorocarbons
12 8 Environmental, Safety, Health and Sustainability 8.1 Montreal Protocol 8.2 Ozone Depletion 8.3 Global Warming 8.4 Phase Out of Old Fluorocarbon Gases 8.5 Summary References
13 9 Fluorocarbon Blends 9.1 General Blend Characteristics 9.2 Low GWP HFO and HFO/HFC Blends 9.3 Flammability of Blends References
14 10 Substitute Fluorocarbons and Other Compounds 10.1 SNAP Program (EPA, www.epa.gov/snap/overview-snap) 10.2 Guiding Principles of the SNAP Program? 10.3 EPA’s Criteria for Evaluating Alternatives? 10.4 Alternatives for Refrigeration 10.5 Alternatives for Air Conditioning
15 11 Future Directions of Fluorocarbons 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Inception and Evolution of Fluorocarbons 11.3 Classification of Refrigerants 11.4 Natural Refrigerants 11.5 Phase Out of Fluorocarbon Gases 11.6 Future Directions of Refrigerants 11.7 Conclusions References
16 Appendix I
17 Appendix II: OzonAction Kigali Fact Sheet 6
18 Appendix III: PARIS AGREEMENT
19 Index
