Читать книгу Nursing and Health Interventions - Souraya Sidani - Страница 22

The high value placed on client‐centered care and the less‐than‐optimal implementation of evidence‐based interventions by health professionals, and uptake and enactment by clients, served as the impetus for engaging clients in intervention research. Client engagement takes place in different stages and steps of research:

1 Identifying research priorities for funding agencies (e.g. Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute in the US), most pressing health needs of the general public, or services requiring improvement in a healthcare organization or system: The James Lind Alliance has developed a systematic process for engaging clients (e.g. persons experiencing a health problem, health professionals) in identifying research priorities (Cowan, 2010; Manafò et al., 2018).

2 Setting the research questions to be addressed in a study: Clients join the research team as collaborators. They actively participate in stating the study aims, and may assist in preparing or reviewing the grant proposal prior to submission.

3 Designing new interventions, co‐creating or co‐producing the intervention protocol and materials (Hwakins et al., 2017; Kildea et al., 2019), selecting and adapting evidence‐based interventions (Aarons et al., 2012; Sidani et al., 2017): This involves a systematic process in which clients serve as consultants or as participants in a research study aimed to adapt or co‐create interventions.

4 Delineating the study protocol: As collaborators, clients have experiential knowledge that is useful in determining: the target populations' acceptance of randomization and of methods for data collection; effective sources and strategies for recruitment; convenient locations for delivering the interventions; and suitability (comprehension, readability, response burden) of measures to a range of participants.

5 Recruiting participants, facilitating data collection, and assisting in the interpretation and dissemination of findings: Clients serving as collaborators or participants in a study can assume these responsibilities.

Client engagement in intervention research may reduce research waste. Client involvement is expected to: (1) identify research questions relevant to research or evidence users including clients or the general public, health professionals, and decision‐makers (Ioannidis, 2016; McLeod et al., 2014); (2) yield interventions that are optimally designed (Bleijenberg et al., 2018) and acceptable to users, which is likely to improve their uptake in practice; and (3) enhance participants' enrollment and retention, thereby reducing the resources, cost, and time needed to complete the study.