Читать книгу Nursing and Health Interventions - Souraya Sidani - Страница 40

Poorly designed interventions can waste resources (Moore et al., 2019): Despite the effort expanded by health professionals and clients in carrying them out, the interventions are not useful in preventing, managing, or resolving the health problem. Therefore, it is essential to carefully design health interventions in order to improve their success in addressing the health problem.

The process for designing or developing health interventions is systematic and rigorous. It involves critical analysis and thorough application of relevant approaches and methods to gain a lucid understanding of the health problem requiring remediation, which is represented in the theory of the problem (Chapter 3). This understanding informs the specification of the intervention's elements, which is represented in the implementation theory, and the delineation of the mechanism underlying the intervention's effects on the outcomes, which is reflected in the theory of change (Chapter 4). The process culminates in the generation of the intervention theory (Chapter 5) that guides the delivery and evaluation of the intervention.

The development of a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the health problem requiring remediation is foundational for designing interventions (Bleijenberg et al., 2018; Wight et al., 2016). The understanding entails clarification of what the problem is, how it is experienced, by what population and in what context (Aráujo‐Soares et al., 2018). Different approaches and methods can be utilized to gain an understanding of the problem; using a combination of approaches and methods is recommended to iteratively delineate the theory of the problem that is well grounded in pertinent theory, supported by evidence, and reflective of the target client population's experience and context.

In this chapter, the importance of understanding the health problem, captured in the theory of the problem, is explained. The elements of the theory are identified and illustrated with examples. The theoretical, empirical, and experiential approaches, and their respective methods, for developing the theory of the problem are discussed.