Читать книгу Nursing and Health Interventions - Souraya Sidani - Страница 32

Interventions are designed to attain one or more goals related to a particular health problem. An intervention goal is a statement of what exactly the intervention is expected to achieve relative to the health problem it targets. Some interventions aim to modify the determinants or causes of the health problem and, hence, to prevent its occurrence. For example, changing a nonambulatory client's position in bed every two hours aims to prevent pressure ulcer, and instructing clients with asthma to avoid irritants such as dust and smoke is directed at preventing dyspnea. Other interventions are designed to manage the health problem, to reduce its burden, and/or to mitigate its negative consequences. For instance, taking a medication is useful in self‐managing muscle pain whereas listening to music is helpful in reducing the emotional reactions to pain such as anxiety (i.e. its burden); both interventions relieve pain and minimize its contribution to limited physical functioning (i.e. its negative consequences). Other interventions are directed at promoting engagement in health‐related behaviors such as physical activity and smoking cessation and consequently, enhancing general health and well‐being.