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The mode of intervention delivery is described in terms of medium and format.

Medium is the means through which the intervention and its components and respective activities are carried out. Medium is defined by the intersection of person‐dependency and method. For the former, medium can be classified as person‐dependent and person‐independent (Beall et al., 2014; Cutrona et al., 2010). In the person‐dependent medium, individuals, including health professionals and/or laypersons, offer the intervention to clients, whereas these individuals are not directly involved in the intervention delivery in person‐independent medium. There are two methods of delivery: verbal/oral and written.

Format refers to the specific technique used within the verbal and written method for providing the intervention. Examples of specific media illustrating the intersectionality of person‐dependency, method, and format are presented in Table 2.3.

Different modes can be used to deliver different components of an intervention and more than one mode can be used to deliver each component. For instance, the sleep education and hygiene component of the multicomponent intervention for insomnia can be provided via the combination of: (1) formal presentation of pertinent content by a health professional to a small group of persons with insomnia, complemented by a slide presentation; (2) involvement of persons in a group discussion to clarify the information; and (3) a booklet summarizing the key points that serves as a reference for persons carrying out the sleep hygiene recommendations.

TABLE 2.3 Examples of specific media for providing interventions.

Method	Person‐dependent	Person‐independent
Verbal	Face‐to‐face formatLarge group presentationSmall (6–10 persons) group meetings/sessionsIndividual meetings/contactsDistance formatTelephone callsVideoconferencingDigital media contacts	Recorded (audio/video) presentationsAutomated telephone callsMessage disseminated via media (radio, television, mobile telephones‐text messaging)
Written	Slide presentation	Posters located in public placesInformation distributed via diverse modes (e.g. regular mail, electronic mail, mobile telephones)Information available via digital media (World Wide Web, mobile applications, portable media players)