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What Is the Relationship Between Police Department Size and the Representation of Female Officers?

Overall, approximately 12% of sworn officers are female, but the representation of female officers varies considerably by department size (Figure 3.2).

A study was conducted to identify the characteristics of police departments that were associated with greater representation of female officers.¹⁵ Using data from approximately 4,000 agencies, the authors found that a greater representation of female officers was associated not only with department size but also with factors such as higher education requirements, greater benefits and pay, fewer physical fitness screening criteria, no collective bargaining (police labor union), and a departmental community policing orientation. The research clearly shows that certain policies and other characteristics of police agencies have a clear impact on the degree to which they are gender diverse.

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Figure 3.2 Full-Time Sworn Personnel by Gender and Size of Department, 2013

Source: Brian A. Reaves. 2015. Local Police Departments, 2013: Personnel, Policies, and Practices. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics. Table 4.