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South African environmental law describes the legal rules in South Africa relating to the social, economic, philosophical, and jurisprudential issues raised by attempts to protect and conserve the environment in South Africa. South African environmental law encompasses natural resource conservation and utilization, as well as land‐use planning and development. Issues of enforcement are also considered, together with the international dimension, which has shaped much of the direction of environmental law in South Africa. The role of the country's Constitution, crucial to any understanding of the application of environmental law, also is examined. The National Environmental Management Act provides the underlying framework for environmental law (South African National Environmental Management Act 1998).