Читать книгу An Introduction to Management Studies - Thomas Bieger - Страница 13

Bleicher (1991) titled the second-generation SGMM “The Concept of Integrated Management.” He highlighted Ulrich and Krieg’s (1972) holistic approach and explicitly addressed integrated management. The second-generation SGMM thus claimed to meet the requirements of a paradigm shift toward an understanding of management that consciously deals with increased complexity and the dynamics involved (Bleicher, 1991, p. 147). In the early 1990s, a new world order became foreseeable, following the collapse of the former Soviet system and [25] of centrally planned economies, as well as important technological innovations, for example, in the IT sector. Thus, the second-generation SGMM introduced the system levels discussed at that time (Schwaninger, 1988): the normative, strategic, and operational dimensions (Figure 1-4).

Figure 1-4: Second-Generation SGMM: Normative, Strategic, Operational Levels of the Organization

Source: Bleicher (1991)