Читать книгу An Introduction to Management Studies - Thomas Bieger - Страница 16

[28] The St. Gallen tradition has consistently understood management as integrative. Integrative management can be defined as the design and steering of an organization as a purpose-oriented socio-technical system that consciously and responsibly handles significant force fields and conflicting goals (Bieger et al., 2021). These force fields and conflicting goals include the different perspectives of the individual corporate functions, but also different stakeholder expectations, or the deliberation between short-term, operational, and long-term strategic views, and, in particular, an integrated execution of all management tasks (analysis, planning, control). Management models, as simplified representations of a complex reality, are intended to support managers in performing these tasks.