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Rüegg-Stürm (2003) developed the third-generation SGMM as part of a curriculum redesign of business studies at the University of St. Gallen. His model served as the basis for an introductory textbook on business studies (Dubs, Euler, & Rüegg-Stürm, 2004, p. 8). Essentially, the key topics corresponded to the dimensions identified in the first-generation SGMM (Figure 1-5):

– [26] Environmental spheres

– Stakeholders

– Interaction issues (resources, norms, values, concerns, and interests)

– Structuring forces (strategy, structure, culture)

– Development modes (optimization, renewal)

In line with recent findings in business studies (see also Porter, 1985; Osterloh & Frost, 1996), these dimensions were supplemented by a process-oriented view. This replaced the functional view and distinguished business processes, management processes, and support processes, as well emphasized the importance of communication for performing management tasks.

Figure 1-5: Key Visualization of the Third-Generation SGMM

Source: Rüegg-Stürm (2003, p. 22)