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_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $60 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $2.2 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $15 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $338 million

_#_Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural—francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

_#_Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1—256.54 (January 1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*Communications #_Railroads: 797 km, 1.067-meter gauge, single track (includes 285 km that are privately owned)

_#_Highways: 12,000 km total; 560 km bituminous surface treated; 850 km gravel, laterite; 5,350 km improved earth; 5,240 km unimproved roads

_#_Inland waterways: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) Rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially navigable water transport; the rest are used for local traffic only

_#_Pipelines: crude oil 25 km

_#_Ports: Pointe-Noire (ocean port), Brazzaville (river port)

_#_Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 50 total, 45 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 18 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: services adequate for government use; primary network is composed of radio relay routes and coaxial cables; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; 18,100 telephones; stations—3 AM, 1 FM, 4 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station

_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Army, Navy (including Marines), Air Force, paramilitary National People's Militia, National Police

_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 509,040; 258,861 fit for military service; 24,068 reach military age (20) annually

_#Defense expenditures: $99 million, 4.6% of GDP (1987 est.) % @Cook Islands (free association with New Zealand) *Geography #_Total area: 240 km2; land area: 240 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Washington, DC

_#_Land boundaries: none

_#_Coastline: 120 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Continental shelf: edge of continental margin or minimum of 200 nm;

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds

_#_Terrain: low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south

_#_Natural resources: negligible

_#_Land use: arable land 4%; permanent crops 22%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 74%

_#_Environment: subject to typhoons from November to March

_#_Note: located 4,500 km south of Hawaii in the South Pacific Ocean

_*People #_Population: 17,882 (July 1991), growth rate 0.5% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 22 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: - 10 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 24 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 67 years male, 72 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 3.5 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun—Cook Islander(s); adjective—Cook Islander

_#_Ethnic divisions: Polynesian (full blood) 81.3%, Polynesian and European 7.7%, Polynesian and other 7.7%, European 2.4%, other 0.9%

_#_Religion: Christian, majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church

_#_Language: English

_#_Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%)

_#_Labor force: 5,810; agriculture 29%, government 27%, services 25%, industry 15%, and other 4% (1981)

_#_Organized labor: NA

_*Government #_Long-form name: none

_#_Type: self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with the Cook Islands

_#_Capital: Avarua

_#_Administrative divisions: none

_#_Independence: became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action

_#_Constitution: 4 August 1965

_#_National holiday: NA

_#_Executive branch: British monarch, representative of the UK, representative of New Zealand, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament; note—the House of Arikis (chiefs) advises on traditional matters, but has no legislative powers

_#_Judicial branch: High Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State—Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952);

Representative of the UK Sir Tangaroa TANGAROA (since NA);

Representative of New Zealand Adrian SINCOCK (since NA);

Head of Government—Prime Minister Geoffrey HENRY (since NA February 1989); Deputy Prime Minister Inatio AKARURU (since NA February 1989)

_#_Political parties and leaders:

Cook Islands Party, Geoffrey HENRY;

Democratic Tumu Party, Vincent INGRAM;

Democratic Party, Dr. Vincent Pupuke ROBATI;

Cook Islands Labor Party, Rena JONASSEN;

Cook Islands People's Party, Sadaraka SADARAKA

_#_Suffrage: universal adult at age NA

_#_Elections:

Parliament—last held 19 January 1989 (next to be held by January 1994); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(24 total) Cook Islands Party 12, Democratic Tumu Party 2, opposition coalition (including Democratic Party) 9, independent 1

_#_Member of: AsDB, ESCAP (associate), FAO, ICAO, IOC, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO

_#_Diplomatic representation: none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)

_#_Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag

_*Economy #_Overview: Agriculture provides the economic base. The major export earners are fruit, copra, and clothing. Manufacturing activities are limited to a fruit-processing plant and several clothing factories. Economic development is hindered by the isolation of the islands from foreign markets and a lack of natural resources and good transportation links. A large trade deficit is annually made up for by remittances from emigrants and from foreign aid. Current economic development plans call for exploiting the tourism potential and expanding the fishing industry.

_#_GDP: $40.0 million, per capita $2,200 (1988 est.); real growth rate 5.3% (1986–88 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8.0% (1988)

_#_Unemployment rate: NA%

_#_Budget: revenues $33.8 million; expenditures $34.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)

_#_Exports: $4.0 million (f.o.b., 1988);

commodities—copra, fresh and canned fruit, clothing;

partners—NZ 80%, Japan

_#_Imports: $38.7 million (c.i.f., 1988);

commodities—foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber;

partners—NZ 49%, Japan, Australia, US

_#_External debt: $NA

_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%

_#_Electricity: 14,000 kW capacity; 21 million kWh produced, 1,170 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: fruit processing, tourism

_#_Agriculture: export crops—copra, citrus fruits, pineapples, tomatoes, bananas; subsistence crops—yams, taro

_#_Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–89), $128 million

_#_Currency: New Zealand dollar (plural—dollars); 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents

_#_Exchange rates: New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1—1.6798 (January 1991), 1.6750 (1990), 1.6711 (1989), 1.5244 (1988), 1.6886 (1987), 1.9088 (1986), 2.0064 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March

_*Communications #_Highways: 187 km total (1980); 35 km paved, 35 km gravel, 84 km improved earth, 33 km unimproved earth

_#_Ports: Avatiu

_#_Civil air: no major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 7 total, 6 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 2,439 m; 3 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: stations—2 AM, no FM, no TV; 10,000 radio receivers; 2,052 telephones; 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth station

_*Defense Forces #Note: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand % @Coral Sea Islands (territory of Australia) *Geography #_Total area: undetermined; includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 1 million km2, with Willis Islets the most important

_#_Comparative area: undetermined

_#_Land boundaries: none

_#_Coastline: 3,095 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 3 nm

_#_Climate: tropical

_#_Terrain: sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)

_#_Natural resources: negligible

_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other, mostly grass or scrub cover 100%; Lihou Reef Reserve and Coringa-Herald Reserve were declared National Nature Reserves on 3 August 1982

_#_Environment: subject to occasional tropical cyclones; no permanent fresh water; important nesting area for birds and turtles

_#_Note: the islands are located just off the northeast coast of Australia in the Coral Sea

_*People #_Population: 3 meteorologists (1991)

_*Government #_Long-form name: Coral Sea Islands Territory

_#_Type: territory of Australia administered by the Minister for Arts, Sport, the Environment, Tourism, and Territories Roslyn KELLY

_#_Flag: the flag of Australia is used

_*Economy #_Overview: no economic activity

_*Communications #_Ports: none; offshore anchorages only

_*Defense Forces #Note: defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors % @Costa Rica *Geography #_Total area: 51,100 km2; land area: 50,660 km2; includes Isla del Coco

_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia

_#_Land boundaries: 639 km total; Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km

_#_Coastline: 1,290 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Continental shelf: 200 nm;

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Climate: tropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November)

_#_Terrain: coastal plains separated by rugged mountains

_#_Natural resources: hydropower potential

_#_Land use: arable land 6%; permanent crops 7%; meadows and pastures 45%; forest and woodland 34%; other 8%; includes irrigated 1%

_#_Environment: subject to occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season; active volcanoes; deforestation; soil erosion

_*People #_Population: 3,111,403 (July 1991), growth rate 2.5% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 27 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 4 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 2 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 15 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 75 years male, 79 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 3.2 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun—Costa Rican(s); adjective—Costa Rican

_#_Ethnic divisions: white (including mestizo) 96%, black 2%, Indian 1%, Chinese 1%

_#_Religion: Roman Catholic 95%

_#_Language: Spanish (official), English spoken around Puerto Limon

_#_Literacy: 93% (male 93%, female 93%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: 868,300; industry and commerce 35.1%, government and services 33%, agriculture 27%, other 4.9% (1985 est.)

_#_Organized labor: 15.1% of labor force

_*Government #_Long-form name: Republic of Costa Rica

_#_Type: democratic republic

_#_Capital: San Jose

_#_Administrative divisions: 7 provinces (provincias, singular—provincia); Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose

_#_Independence: 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

_#_Constitution: 9 November 1949

_#_Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September (1821)

_#_Executive branch: president, two vice presidents, Cabinet

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa)

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government—President Rafael Angel

CALDERON Fournier (since 8 May 1990); First Vice President German

SERRANO Pinto (since 8 May 1990); Second Vice President Arnoldo LOPEZ

Echandi (since 8 May 1990)

_#_Political parties and leaders:

National Liberation Party (PLN), Rolando ARAYA Monge;

Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC), Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier;

Marxist Popular Vanguard Party (PVP), Humberto VARGAS Carbonell;

New Republic Movement (MNR), Sergio Erick ARDON Ramirez;

Progressive Party (PP), Isaac Felipe AZOFEIFA Bolanos;

People's Party of Costa Rica (PPC), Lenin ChACON Vargas;

Radical Democratic Party (PRD), Juan Jose ECHEVERRIA Brealey

_#_Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18

_#_Elections:

President—last held 4 February 1990 (next to be held February

1994);

results—Rafael Angel CALDERON Fournier 51%, Carlos Manuel

CASTILLO 47%;

Legislative Assembly—last held 4 February 1990 (next to be held February 1994); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(57 total) PUSC 29, PLN 25, PVP/PPC 1, regional parties 2

_#_Communists: 7,500 members and sympathizers

_#_Other political or pressure groups: Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers (CCTD; Liberation Party affiliate), Confederated Union of Workers (CUT; Communist Party affiliate), Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers (CATD; Communist Party affiliate), Chamber of Coffee Growers, National Association for Economic Development (ANFE), Free Costa Rica Movement (MCRL; rightwing militants), National Association of Educators (ANDE)

_#_Member of: AG (observer), BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB,

IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,

INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), LORCS, NAM (observer),

OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Gonzalo FACIO Segreda; Chancery at Suite 211, 1825 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 234–2945 through 2947; there are Costa Rican Consulates General at Albuquerque, Boston, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), and Tampa, and Consulates in Austin, Buffalo, Honolulu, and Raleigh;

US—Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Robert O. HOMME; Embassy at Pavas Road, San Jose (mailing address is APO Miami 34020); telephone [506] 20–39-39

_#_Flag: five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue with the coat of arms in a white disk on the hoist side of the red band

_*Economy #_Overview: In 1990 the economy grew at an estimated 3.5% rate, a decrease from the strong 5.0% gain of the previous year. Gains in agricultural production (on the strength of good coffee and banana crops) and in construction, were partially offset by lower rates of growth for industry. In 1990 consumer prices rose by about 25% and the trade deficit widened. Unemployment is officially reported at 6%, but much underemployment remains. External debt, on a per capita basis, is among the world's highest.

_#_GDP: $5.5 billion, per capita $1,810; real growth rate 3.6% (1990)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 25% (1990 est.)

_#_Unemployment rate: 6% (1990)

_#_Budget: revenues $831 million; expenditures $1.08 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)

_#_Exports: $1.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities—coffee, bananas, textiles, sugar;

partners—US 75%, FRG, Guatemala, Netherlands, UK, Japan

_#_Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1990);

commodities—petroleum, machinery, consumer durables, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs;

partners—US 35%, Japan, Guatemala, FRG

_#_External debt: $4.5 billion (1989)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 2.3% (1990 est.); accounts for 23% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 927,000 kW capacity; 2,987 million kWh produced, 980 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 20–25% of GDP and 70% of exports; cash commodities—coffee, beef, bananas, sugar; other food crops include corn, rice, beans, potatoes; normally self-sufficient in food except for grain; depletion of forest resources resulting in lower timber output

_#_Illicit drugs: illicit production of cannabis on small scattered plots; transshipment country for cocaine from South America

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $1.4 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $781 million; Communist countries (1971–88), $27 million

_#_Currency: Costa Rican colon (plural—colones); 1 Costa Rican colon (C) = 100 centimos

_#_Exchange rates: Costa Rican colones (C) per US$1—105.82 (January 1991), 91.58 (1990), 81.504 (1989), 75.805 (1988), 62.776 (1987), 55.986 (1986), 50.453 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*Communications #_Railroads: 950 km total, all 1.067-meter gauge; 260 km electrified

_#_Highways: 15,400 km total; 7,030 km paved, 7,010 km gravel, 1,360 km unimproved earth

_#_Inland waterways: about 730 km, seasonally navigable

_#_Pipelines: refined products, 176 km

_#_Ports: Puerto Limon, Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puntarenas

_#_Merchant marine: 12 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,831 GRT/4,506 DWT

_#_Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 173 total, 159 usable; 26 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 11 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: very good domestic telephone service; 292,000 telephones; connection into Central American Microwave System; stations—71 AM, no FM, 18 TV, 13 shortwave; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Civil Guard, Rural Assistance Guard; note—Constitution prohibits armed forces

_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 807,853; 545,541 fit for military service; 32,149 reach military age (18) annually

_#Defense expenditures: $20 million, 0.4% of GDP (1988) % @Cuba *Geography #_Total area: 110,860 km2; land area: 110,860 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

_#_Land boundary: 29.1 km with US Naval Base at Guantanamo; note—Guantanamo is leased and as such remains part of Cuba

_#_Coastline: 3,735 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Disputes: US Naval Base at Guantanamo is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease

_#_Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)

_#_Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast

_#_Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica

_#_Land use: arable land 23%; permanent crops 6%; meadows and pastures 23%; forest and woodland 17%; other 31%; includes irrigated 10%

_#_Environment: averages one hurricane every other year

_#_Note: largest country in Caribbean; 145 km south of Florida

_*People #_Population: 10,732,037 (July 1991), growth rate 1.0% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 18 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: - 1 migrant/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 12 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 73 years male, 78 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun—Cuban(s); adjective—Cuban

_#_Ethnic divisions: mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%

_#_Religion: 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power

_#_Language: Spanish

_#_Literacy: 94% (male 95%, female 93%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: 3,578,800 in state sector; services and government 30%, industry 22%, agriculture 20%, commerce 11%, construction 10%, transportation and communications 7% (June 1990); economically active population 4,620,800 (1988)

_#_Organized labor: Workers Central Union of Cuba (CTC), only labor federation approved by government; 2,910,000 members; the CTC is an umbrella organization composed of 17 member unions

_*Government #_Long-form name: Republic of Cuba

_#_Type: Communist state

_#_Capital: Havana

_#_Administrative divisions: 14 provinces (provincias, singular—provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara

_#_Independence: 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902)

_#_Constitution: 24 February 1976

_#_Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

_#_National holiday: Revolution Day, 1 January (1959)

_#_Executive branch: president of the Council of State, first vice president of the Council of State, Council of State, president of the Council of Ministers, first vice president of the Council of Ministers, Council of Ministers

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly of the People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular)

_#_Judicial branch: People's Supreme Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government—President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (became Prime Minister in February 1959 and President since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976)

_#_Political parties and leaders: only party—Cuban Communist Party (PCC), Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 16

_#_Elections:

National Assembly of the People's Power—last held NA December 1986 (next to be held December 1991); results—PCC is the only party; seats—(510 total) PCC 510 (indirectly elected)

_#_Communists: about 600,000 full and candidate members

_#_Member of: CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBEC, ICAO, IFAD, IIB, ILO, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), LORCS, NAM, OAS (excluded from formal participation since 1962), OPANAL (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

_#_Diplomatic representation: none; protecting power in the US is Switzerland—Cuban Interests Section; Counselor Jose Antonio ARBESU Fraga; 2630 and 2639 16th Street NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 797–8518 or 8519, 8520, 8609, 8610;

US—protecting power in Cuba is Switzerland—US Interests Section;

Principal Officer Alan H. FLANIGAN; Calzada entre L y M, Vedado Seccion,

Havana (mailing address is USINT, c/o International Purchasing Group,

2052 NW 93rd Avenue, Miami, FL 33172); telephone 329–700

_#_Flag: five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white five-pointed star in the center

_*Economy #_Overview: The economy, centrally planned and largely state owned, is highly dependent on the agricultural sector and foreign trade. Sugar provides about 75% of export revenues and over half is exported to the USSR. The economy has stagnated since 1985 under policies that have deemphasized material incentives in the workplace, abolished farmers' informal produce markets, and raised prices of government-supplied goods and services. In 1990 the economy probably fell 3%, largely as a result of declining trade with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Recently the government has been trying to increase trade with Latin America and China. Cuba has had difficulty servicing its foreign debt since 1982. The government currently is encouraging foreign investment in tourist facilities. Other investment priorities include sugar, basic foods, and nickel. The annual $4 billion Soviet subsidy, a main prop to Cuba's threadbare economy, is likely to show a substantial decline over the next few years in view of the USSR's mounting economic problems. Instead of highly subsidized trade, Cuba will be shifting to trade at market prices in convertible currencies. In early 1991, the shortages of fuels, spare parts, and industrial products in general had become so severe as to amount to a deindustrialization process in the eyes of some observers.

_#_GNP: $20.9 billion, per capita $2,000; real growth rate - 3% (1990 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%

_#_Unemployment: 6% overall, 10% for women (1989)

_#_Budget: revenues $12.46 billion; expenditures $14.45 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)

_#_Exports: $5.4 billion (f.o.b., 1989);

commodities—sugar, nickel, shellfish, citrus, tobacco, coffee;

partners—USSR 67%, GDR 6%, China 4% (1988)

_#_Imports: $8.1 billion (c.i.f., 1989);

commodities—capital goods, industrial raw materials, food, petroleum;

partners—USSR 71%, other Communist countries 15% (1988)

_#_External debt: $6.8 billion (convertible currency, July 1989)

_#_Industrial production: 3% (1988); accounts for 45% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 3,890,000 kW capacity; 16,267 million kWh produced, 1,530 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals (particularly nickel), cement, fertilizers, consumer goods, agricultural machinery

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 11% of GNP (including fishing and forestry); key commercial crops—sugarcane, tobacco, and citrus fruits; other products—coffee, rice, potatoes, meat, beans; world's largest sugar exporter; not self-sufficient in food (excluding sugar)

_#_Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $695 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $18.5 billion

_#_Currency: Cuban peso (plural—pesos); 1 Cuban peso (Cu$) = 100 centavos

_#_Exchange rates: Cuban pesos (Cu$) per US$1—1.0000 (linked to the US dollar)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*Communications #_Railroads: 14,925 km total; Cuban National Railways operates 5,295 km of 1.435-meter gauge track; 199 km electrified; 9,630 km of sugar plantation lines of 0.914–1.435-meter gauge

_#_Highways: 26,477 km total; 14,477 km paved, 12,000 km gravel and earth surfaced (1989 est.)

_#_Inland waterways: 240 km

_#_Ports: Cienfuegos, Havana, Mariel, Matanzas, Santiago de Cuba; 7 secondary, 35 minor

_#_Merchant marine: 87 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 638,462 GRT/925,380 DWT; includes 54 cargo, 9 refrigerated cargo, 2 cargo/training, 12 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 3 liquefied gas, 6 bulk; note—Cuba beneficially owns an additional 37 ships (1,000 GRT and over) totaling 512,346 DWT under the registry of Panama, Cyprus, and Malta

_#_Civil air: 59 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 205 total, 176 usable; 75 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,659 m; 12 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 25 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: stations—150 AM, 5 FM, 58 TV; 1,530,000 TVs; 2,140,000 radios; 229,000 telephones; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Revolutionary Armed Forces (including Ground Forces, Revolutionary Navy, Air and Air Defense Force), Ministry of Interior Special Troops, Border Guard Troops, Territorial Militia Troops, Youth Labor Army, Civil Defense, National Revolutionary Police

_#_Manpower availability: eligible 15–49, 6,087,253; of the 3,054,158 males 15–49, 1,914,080 are fit for military service; of the 3,033,095 females 15–49, 1,896,449 are fit for military service; 89,194 males and 85,968 females reach military age (17) annually

_#Defense expenditures: $1.2-$1.4 billion, 6% of GNP (1989 est.) % @Cyprus *Geography #_Total area: 9,250 km2; land area: 9,240 km2

_#_Comparative area: about 0.7 times the size of Connecticut

_#_Land boundaries: none

_#_Coastline: 648 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Disputes: 1974 hostilities divided the island into two de facto autonomous areas—a Greek area controlled by the Cypriot Government (60% of the island's land area) and a Turkish-Cypriot area (35% of the island) that are separated by a narrow UN buffer zone; in addition, there are two UK sovereign base areas (about 5% of the island's land area)

_#_Climate: temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters

_#_Terrain: central plain with mountains to north and south

_#_Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment

_#_Land use: arable land 40%; permanent crops 7%; meadows and pastures 10%; forest and woodland 18%; other 25%; includes irrigated 10% (most irrigated lands are in the Turkish-Cypriot area of the island)

_#_Environment: moderate earthquake activity; water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, and most potable resources concentrated in the Turkish-Cypriot area)

_*People #_Population: 709,343 (July 1991), growth rate 1.0% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 18 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 8 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 10 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 73 years male, 78 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 2.4 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun—Cypriot(s); adjective—Cypriot

_#_Ethnic divisions: Greek 78%; Turkish 18%; other 4%

_#_Religion: Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian, Apostolic, and other 4%

_#_Language: Greek, Turkish, English

_#_Literacy: 90% (male 96%, female 85%) age 10 and over can read and write (1976)

_#_Labor force: Greek area—246,100; services 42%, industry 33%, agriculture 22%; Turkish area—NA (1989)

_#_Organized labor: 156,000 (1985 est.)

_*Government #_Long-form name: Republic of Cyprus

_#_Type: republic; a disaggregation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began after the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974, which gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot President Rauf Denktash declared independence and the formation of a Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which has been recognized only by Turkey; both sides publicly call for the resolution of intercommunal differences and creation of a new federal system of government

_#_Capital: Nicosia

_#_Administrative divisions: 6 districts; Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia, Paphos

_#_Independence: 16 August 1960 (from UK)

_#_Constitution: 16 August 1960; negotiations to create the basis for a new or revised constitution to govern the island and to better relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been held intermittently; in 1975 Turkish Cypriots created their own Constitution and governing bodies within the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus, which was renamed the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in 1983; a new Constitution for the Turkish area passed by referendum in May 1985

_#_Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications

_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 1 October

_#_Executive branch: president, Council of Ministers (cabinet); note—there is a president, prime minister, and Council of Ministers (cabinet) in the Turkish area

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives (Vouli Antiprosopon); note—there is a unicameral Assembly of the Republic (Cumhuriyet Meclisi) in the Turkish area

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court; note—there is also a Supreme Court in the Turkish area

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government—President George VASSILIOU (since February 1988); note—Rauf R. DENKTASH has been president of the Turkish area since 13 February 1975

_#_Political parties and leaders:

Greek Cypriot—Progressive Party of the Working People (AKEL;

Communist Party), Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS,

Democratic Rally (DESY), Glafcos CLERIDES;

Democratic Party (DEKO), Spyros KYPRIANOU;

United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos LYSSARIDES;

Socialist Democratic Renewal Movement (ADESOK), Pavlos DINGLIS, chairman;

Liberal Party, Nikos ROLANDIS;

Turkish area—National Unity Party (UBP), Dervis EROGLU;

Communal Liberation Party (TKP), Mustafa AKINCI;

Republican Turkish Party (CTP), Ozker OZGUR;

New Cyprus Party (NKP), Alpay DURDURAN;

New Dawn Party (YDP), Ali Ozkan ALTINISHIK;

Free Democratic Party, Ismet KOTAK; note—CTP, TKP, and YDP joined

in the coalition Democratic Struggle Party (DMP) for the 22 April

1990 legislative election

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

_#_Elections:

President—last held 14 February and 21 February 1988 (next to be held February 1993); results—George VASSILIOU 52%, Glafcos CLERIDES 48%;

House of Representatives—last held 8 December 1985 (next to be held 19 May 1991); results—DESY 33.56%, DEKO 27.65%, AKEL (Communist) 27.43%, EDEK 11.07%; seats—(56 total) DESY 19, DEKO 16, AKEL (Communist) 15, EDEK 6;

Turkish Area: President—last held 22 April 1990 (next to be held April 1995); results—Rauf R. DENKTASH 66%, Ismail BOZKURT 32.05%;

Turkish Area: Assembly of the Republic—last held 6 May 1990 (next to be held May 1995); results—UBP (conservative) about 55%, DMP NA%; seats—(50 total) UBP (conservative) 34, CTP (Communist) 7, TKP (center-right) 7, New Dawn Party 2

_#_Communists: about 12,000

_#_Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth

Organization (EDON; Communist controlled); Union of Cyprus Farmers (EKA;

Communist controlled); Cyprus Farmers Union (PEK; pro-West); Pan-Cyprian

Labor Federation (PEO; Communist controlled); Confederation of Cypriot

Workers (SEK; pro-West); Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions

(Turk-Sen); Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions (Dev-Is)

_#_Member of: C, CCC, CE, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA,

IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,

INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), UN, UNCTAD,

UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Michael E. SHERIFIS; Chancery at 2211 R Street NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 462–5772; there is a Cypriot Consulate General in New York;

US—Ambassador Robert E. LAMB; Embassy at the corner of Therissos Street and Dositheos Street, Nicosia (mailing address is FPO New York 09530); telephone [357] (2) 4651511

_#_Flag: white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities

_*Economy #_Overview: These data are for the area controlled by the Republic of Cyprus (information on the northern Turkish-Cypriot area is sparse). The economy is small, diversified, and prosperous. Industry contributes about 25% to GDP and employs 35% of the labor force, while the service sector contributes about 55% to GDP and employs 40% of the labor force. Rapid growth in exports of agricultural and manufactured products and in tourism have played important roles in the average 6% rise in GDP in recent years.

_#_GDP: $5.4 billion, per capita $7,960; real growth rate 5.5% (1990)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.5% (1990)

_#_Unemployment rate: below 2% (1990)

_#_Budget: revenues $1.2 billion; expenditures $1.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $178 million (1989 est.)

_#_Exports: $770 million (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities—citrus, potatoes, grapes, wine, cement, clothing and shoes;

partners—UK 23%, Greece 10%, Lebanon 9%, Saudi Arabia 4%

_#_Imports: $2.5 billion (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities—consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, food and feed grains, machinery;

partners—France 12%, UK 11%, Japan 11%, Italy 10%

_#_External debt: $2.2 billion (1990)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 6.5% (1988); accounts for 27% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 620,000 kW capacity; 1,770 million kWh produced, 2,530 kWh per capita (1989)

_#_Industries: food, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism, wood products

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 7% of GDP and employs 22% of labor force; major crops—potatoes, vegetables, barley, grapes, olives, and citrus fruits; vegetables and fruit provide 25% of export revenues

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $292 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $230 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $62 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $24 million

_#_Currency: Cypriot pound (plural—pounds) and in Turkish area,

Turkish lira (plural—liras); 1 Cypriot pound (5C) = 100 cents and

1 Turkish lira

(TL) = 100 kurus

_#_Exchange rates: Cypriot pounds (5C) per US$1—0.4325 (December 1990), 0.4572 (1990), 0.4933 (1989), 0.4663 (1988), 0.4807 (1987), 0.5167 (1986), 0.6095 (1985); in Turkish area, Turkish liras (TL) per US$1—2,873.9 (December 1990), 2,608.6 (1990), 2,121.7 (1989), 1,422.3 (1988), 857.2 (1987), 674.5 (1986), 522.0 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*Communications #_Highways: 10,780 km total; 5,170 km bituminous surface treated; 5,610 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth

_#_Ports: Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Paphos

_#_Merchant marine: 1,169 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,310,063 GRT/34,338,028 DWT; 10 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 435 cargo, 76 refrigerated cargo, 20 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 48 container, 4 multifunction large load carrier, 111 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 2 specialized tanker, 8 liquefied gas, 17 chemical tanker, 30 combination ore/oil, 360 bulk, 2 vehicle carrier, 44 combination bulk; note—a flag of convenience registry; Cuba owns at least 25 of these ships, USSR owns 52, and Yugoslavia owns 1

_#_Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 13 total, 13 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 7 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: excellent in the area controlled by the Cypriot Government (Greek area), moderately good in the Turkish-Cypriot administered area; 210,000 telephones; stations—14 AM, 7 (7 repeaters) FM, 2 (40 repeaters) TV; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 3 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations—INTELSAT, 1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean, and EUTELSAT systems

_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Greek area—Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; includes air and naval elements), Greek Cypriot Police; Turkish area—Turkish Cypriot Security Force

_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 182,426; 125,839 fit for military service; 5,169 reach military age (18) annually

_#Defense expenditures: $209 million, 5% of GDP (1990 est.) % @Czechoslovakia *Geography #_Total area: 127,870 km2; land area: 125,460 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than New York State

_#_Land boundaries: 3,446 km total; Austria 548 km, Germany 815 km, Hungary 676 km, Poland 1,309 km, USSR 98 km

_#_Coastline: none—landlocked

_#_Maritime claims: none—landlocked

_#_Disputes: Nagymaros Dam dispute with Hungary

_#_Climate: temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

_#_Terrain: mixture of hills and mountains separated by plains and basins

_#_Natural resources: coal, timber, lignite, uranium, magnesite, iron ore, copper, zinc

_#_Land use: arable land 40%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 13%; forest and woodland 37%; other 9%; includes irrigated 1%

_#_Environment: infrequent earthquakes; acid rain; water pollution; air pollution

_#_Note: landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe

_*People #_Population: 15,724,940 (July 1991), growth rate 0.3% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 14 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 11 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 11 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 69 years male, 77 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 1.9 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun—Czechoslovak(s); adjective—Czechoslovak

_#_Ethnic divisions: Czech 62.9%, Slovak 31.8%, Hungarian 3.8%, Polish 0.5%, German 0.3%, Ukrainian 0.3%, Russian 0.1%, other 0.3%

_#_Religion: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Orthodox 2%, other 28%

_#_Language: Czech and Slovak (official), Hungarian

_#_Literacy: 99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1970 est.)

_#_Labor force: 8,200,000 (1987); industry 36.9%, agriculture 12.3%, construction, communications, and other 50.8% (1982)

_#_Organized labor: Czech and Slovak Confederation of Trade Unions (CSKOS); new independent trade unions forming

_*Government #_Long-form name: Czech and Slovak Federal Republic; note—on 23 March 1990 the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was renamed the Czechoslovak Federative Republic; Slovak concerns about their status in the federation prompted the Federal Assembly to approve the name Czech and Slovak Federative Republic on 20 April 1990; on 23 April 1990 the name was modified to Czech and Slovak Federal Republic

_#_Type: federal republic in transition to a confederative republic

_#_Capital: Prague

_#_Administrative divisions: 2 republics (republiky, singular—republika); Czech Republic (Ceska Republika), Slovak Republic (Slovenska Republika)

_#_Independence: 28 October 1918 (from Austro-Hungarian Empire)

_#_Constitution: 11 July 1960; amended in 1968 and 1970; new Czech, Slovak, and federal constitutions to be drafted in 1991–92

_#_Legal system: civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes, modified by Communist legal theory; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code in process of modification to bring it in line with Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory

_#_National holiday: National Liberation Day, 9 May (1945) and Founding of the Republic, 28 October (1918)

_#_Executive branch: president, prime minister, Cabinet

_#_Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Assembly (Federalni

Shromazdeni) consists of an upper house or Chamber of Nations

(Snemovna Narodu) and a lower house or Chamber of the People

(Snemovna Lidu)

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State—President Vaclav HAVEL; (interim president from 29 December 1989 and president since 5 July 1990);

Head of Government—Premier Marian CALFA (since

10 December 1989);

Deputy Premier Vaclav VALES (since 28 June 1990);

Deputy Premier Jiri DIENSTBIER (since 28 June 1990);

Deputy Premier Jozef MIKLOSKO (since 28 June 1990);

Deputy Premier Pavel RYCHETSKY (since 28 June 1990)

_#_Political parties and leaders: Civic Forum, Vaclav KLAUS, chairman; Public Against Violence, Fedor GAL, chairman; Christian and Democratic Union, Vaclav BENDA; Christian Democratic Movement, Jan CARNOGURSKY; Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC), Pavol KANIS, chairman; KSC toppled from power in November 1989 by massive antiregime demonstrations, minority role in coalition government since 10 December 1989

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

_#_Elections:

President—last held 5 July 1990 (next to be held July 1992); results—Vaclav HAVEL elected by the Federal Assembly;

Federal Assembly—last held 8–9 June 1990 (next to be held June 1992); results—Civic Forum/Public Against Violence coalition 46%, KSC 13.6%; seats—(300 total) Civic Forum/Public Against Violence coalition 170, KSC 47, Christian and Democratic Union/Christian Democratic Movement 40, Czech, Slovak, Moravian, and Hungarian groups 43

_#_Communists: 760,000 party members (September 1990); about 1,000,000 members lost since November 1989

_#_Other political or pressure groups: Czechoslovak Socialist Party, Czechoslovak People's Party, Czechoslovak Social Democracy, Slovak Nationalist Party, Slovak Revival Party, Christian Democratic Party; over 80 registered political groups fielded candidates in the 8–9 June 1990 legislative election

_#_Member of: BIS, CCC, CSCE, ECE, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBEC, ICAO, IIB, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, IOC, ISO, ITU, LORCS, PCA, UN, UNAVEM, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Rita KLIMOVA; Chancery at 3900 Linnean Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 363–6315 or 6316;

US—Ambassador Shirley Temple BLACK; Embassy at Trziste 15, 125 48, Prague 1 (mailing address is AMEM, Box 5630, APO New York 09213–5630); telephone [42] (2) 536641 through 536649

_#_Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side

_*Economy #_Overview: Czechoslovakia is highly industrialized and has a well-educated and skilled labor force. Its industry, transport, energy sources, banking, and most other means of production are state owned. The country is deficient, however, in energy and in many raw materials. Moreover, its aging capital plant lags well behind West European standards. Industry contributes almost 50% to GNP and construction contributes 10%. About 95% of agricultural land is in collectives or state farms. The centrally planned economy has been tightly linked in trade (80%) to the USSR and Eastern Europe. Growth has been sluggish, averaging less than 2% in the period 1982–89. GNP per capita is the highest in Eastern Europe. As in the rest of Eastern Europe, the sweeping political changes of 1989–90 have been disrupting normal channels of supply and compounding the government's economic problems. Having eased restrictions on private enterprise in 1990 and having adjusted some key prices, Czechoslovakia is now implementing a broad two-year program to make the difficult transition from a command to a market economy. Inflation and unemployment are beginning to rise, albeit from comparatively low levels.

_#_GNP: $120.3 billion, per capita $7,700; real growth rate - 2.9% (1990 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9% (1990 est.)

_#_Unemployment rate: officially 0.8% (1990)

_#_Budget: revenues $17.1 billion; expenditures $16.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.5 billion (1991)

_#_Exports: $14.4 billion (f.o.b., 1989);

commodities—machinery and equipment 42.7%; fuels, minerals, and metals 16.4%; agricultural and forestry products 12.5%, other 28.4%;

partners—USSR, GDR, Poland, Hungary, FRG, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, US

_#_Imports: $14.3 billion (f.o.b., 1989);

commodities—machinery and equipment 38.6%; fuels, minerals, and metals 24.1%; agricultural and forestry products 16.4%; other 20.9%;

partners—USSR, GDR, Poland, Hungary, FRG, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, US

_#_External debt: $7.6 billion, hard currency indebtedness (September 1990)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate - 3.3% (1990 est.); accounts for almost 50% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 23,000,000 kW capacity; 90,000 million kWh produced, 5,740 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: iron and steel, machinery and equipment, cement, sheet glass, motor vehicles, armaments, chemicals, ceramics, wood, paper products, footwear