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_#_Death rate: 6 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: - 9 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 22 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 70 years male, 74 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun—Antiguan(s); adjective—Antiguan

_#_Ethnic divisions: almost entirely of black African origin; some of British, Portuguese, Lebanese, and Syrian origin

_#_Religion: Anglican (predominant), other Protestant sects, some Roman Catholic

_#_Language: English (official), local dialects

_#_Literacy: 89% (male 90%, female 88%) age 15 and over having completed 5 or more years of schooling (1960)

_#_Labor force: 30,000; commerce and services 82%, agriculture 11%, industry 7% (1983)

_#_Organized labor: Antigua and Barbuda Public Service Association (ABPSA), membership 500; Antigua Trades and Labor Union (ATLU), 10,000 members; Antigua Workers Union (AWU), 10,000 members (1986 est.)

_*Government #_Long-form name: none

_#_Type: parliamentary democracy

_#_Capital: Saint John's

_#_Administrative divisions: 6 parishes and 2 dependencies*; Barbuda*, Redonda*, Saint George, Saint John, Saint Mary, Saint Paul, Saint Peter, Saint Philip

_#_Independence: 1 November 1981 (from UK)

_#_Constitution: 1 November 1981

_#_Legal system: based on English common law

_#_National holiday: Independence Day, 1 November (1981)

_#_Executive branch: British monarch, governor general, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet

_#_Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Senate and a lower house or House of Representatives

_#_Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State—Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Wilfred Ebenezer JACOBS (since 1 November 1981, previously Governor since 1976);

Head of Government—Prime Minister Vere Cornwall BIRD, Sr. (since

NA 1976)

_#_Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. BIRD, Sr., Lester BIRD; United National Democratic Party (UNDP), Dr. Ivor HEATH

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

_#_Elections:

House of Representatives—last held 9 March 1989 (next to be held 1994); results—percentage of vote by party NA; seats—(17 total) ALP 15, UNDP 1, independent 1

_#_Communists: negligible

_#_Other political or pressure groups: Antigua Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small leftist nationalist group led by Leonard (Tim) HECTOR; Antigua Trades and Labor Union (ATLU), headed by Noel THOMAS

_#_Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM (observer), OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WCL, WHO, WMO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Edmund Hawkins LAKE; Chancery at Suite 2H, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 362–5211 or 5166, 5122, 5225; there is an Antiguan Consulate in Miami;

US—the US Ambassador to Barbados is accredited to Antigua and

Barbuda, and in his absence, the Embassy is headed by Charge d'Affaires

Bryant SALTER; Embassy at Queen Elizabeth Highway, Saint John's

(mailing address is FPO Miami 34054); telephone (809) 462–3505 or 3506

_#_Flag: red with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white with a yellow rising sun in the black band

_*Economy #_Overview: The economy is primarily service oriented, with tourism the most important determinant of economic performance. During the period 1983–89, real GDP expanded at an annual average rate of about 7%. Tourism's contribution to GDP, as measured by value added tax in hotels and restaurants, rose from about 14% in 1983 to 16% in 1989, and stimulated growth in other sectors—particularly in construction, communications, and public utilities. Antigua and Barbuda is one of the few areas in the Caribbean experiencing a labor shortage in some sectors of the economy.

_#_GDP: $350 million, per capita $5,470 (1989); real growth rate 3.0% (1991 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 7% (1990 est.)

_#_Unemployment rate: 5.0% (1988 est.)

_#_Budget: revenues $92.8 million; expenditures $101 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)

_#_Exports: $33.2 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);

commodities—petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, food and live animals 4%, machinery and transport equipment 17%;

partners—OECS 26%, Barbados 15%, Guyana 4%, Trinidad and Tobago 2%, US 0.3%

_#_Imports: $358.2 million (c.i.f., 1990 est.);

commodities—food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures, chemicals, oil;

partners—US 27%, UK 16%, Canada 4%, OECS 3%, other 50%

_#_External debt: $250 million (1990 est.)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 3% (1989 est.); accounts for 9% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 52,000 kW capacity; 95 million kWh produced, 1,490 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 4% of GDP; expanding output of cotton, fruits, vegetables, and livestock sector; other crops—bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane; not self-sufficient in food

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, $10 million (1985–88); Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $45 million

_#_Currency: East Caribbean dollar (plural—dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

_#_Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1—2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

_#_Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March

_*Communications #_Railroads: 64 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge and 13 km 0.610-meter gauge used almost exclusively for handling sugarcane

_#_Highways: 240 km

_#_Ports: Saint John's

_#_Merchant marine: 86 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 319,477 GRT/497,194 DWT; includes 61 cargo, 5 refrigerated cargo, 6 container, 4 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 multifunction large load carrier, 3 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 6 chemical tanker; note—a flag of convenience registry

_#_Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 2 with runways less than 1,220 m

_#_Telecommunications: good automatic telephone system; 6,700 telephones; tropospheric scatter links with Saba and Guadeloupe; stations—4 AM, 2 FM, 2 TV, 2 shortwave; 1 coaxial submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police Force (includes the Coast Guard)

_#_Manpower availability: NA

_#Defense expenditures: $1.4 million, less than 1% of GDP (FY91) % @Arctic Ocean *Geography #_Total area: 14,056,000 km2; includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, and other tributary water bodies

_#_Comparative area: slightly more than 1.5 times the size of the US; smallest of the world's four oceans (after Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean)

_#_Coastline: 45,389 km

_#_Climate: persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow

_#_Terrain: central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack which averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight line movement from the New Siberian Islands (USSR) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the ice pack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling land masses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonsov Ridge); maximum depth is 4,665 meters in the Fram Basin

_#_Natural resources: sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals, whales)

_#_Environment: endangered marine species include walruses and whales; ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean and lasts about 10 months; permafrost in islands; virtually icelocked from October to June; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage

_#_Note: major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May; strategic location between North America and the USSR; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western USSR; floating research stations operated by the US and USSR

_*Economy #_Overview: Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, fishing, and sealing.

_*Communications #_Ports: Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (USSR), Prudhoe Bay (US)

_#_Telecommunications: no submarine cables

_#Note: sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Asia) are important waterways % @Argentina *Geography #_Total area: 2,766,890 km2; land area: 2,736,690 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly more than four times the size of Texas

_#_Land boundaries: 9,665 km total; Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km, Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km

_#_Coastline: 4,989 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;

Territorial sea: 200 nm (overflight and navigation permitted beyond 12 nm)

_#_Disputes: short section of the boundary with Uruguay is in dispute; short section of the boundary with Chile is indefinite; claims British-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas); claims British-administered South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; territorial claim in Antarctica

_#_Climate: mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest

_#_Terrain: rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border

_#_Natural resources: fertile plains of the pampas, lead, zinc, tin, copper, iron ore, manganese, crude oil, uranium

_#_Land use: arable land 9%; permanent crops 4%; meadows and pastures 52%; forest and woodland 22%; other 13%; includes irrigated 1%

_#_Environment: Tucuman and Mendoza areas in Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike Pampas and northeast; irrigated soil degradation; desertification; air and water pollution in Buenos Aires

_#_Note: second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage)

_*People #_Population: 32,663,983 (July 1991), growth rate 1.1% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 20 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 9 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 31 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 68 years male, 74 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 2.7 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun—Argentine(s); adjective—Argentine

_#_Ethnic divisions: white 85%; mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups 15%

_#_Religion: nominally Roman Catholic 90% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 6%

_#_Language: Spanish (official), English, Italian, German, French

_#_Literacy: 95% (male 96%, female 95%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

_#_Labor force: 10,900,000; agriculture 12%, industry 31%, services 57% (1985 est.)

_#_Organized labor: 3,000,000; 28% of labor force

_*Government #_Long-form name: Argentine Republic

_#_Type: republic

_#_Capital: Buenos Aires (tentative plans to move to Viedma by 1990 indefinitely postponed)

_#_Administrative divisions: 22 provinces (provincias, singular—provincia), 1 national territory* (territorio nacional), and 1 district** (distrito); Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Cordoba, Corrientes, Distrito Federal**, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur*, Tucuman; note—the national territory is in the process of becoming a province; the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica

_#_Independence: 9 July 1816 (from Spain)

_#_Constitution: 1 May 1853

_#_Legal system: mixture of US and West European legal systems; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

_#_National holiday: Revolution Day, 25 May (1810)

_#_Executive branch: president, vice president, Cabinet

_#_Legislative branch: bicameral National Congress (Congreso Nacional) consists of an upper chamber or Senate (Senado) and a lower chamber or Chamber of Deputies (Camara de Diputados)

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State and Head of Government—President Carlos Saul MENEM (since 8 July 1989); Vice President Eduardo DUHALDE (since 8 July 1989)

_#_Political parties and leaders:

Justicialist Party (JP), Carlos Saul MENEM, Peronist umbrella political

organization;

Radical Civic Union (UCR), Raul ALFONSIN, moderately left of center;

Union of the Democratic Center (UCD), Alvaro ALSOGARAY, conservative

party;

Intransigent Party (PI), Dr. Oscar ALENDE, leftist party;

several provincial parties

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

_#_Elections:

President—last held 14 May 1989 (next to be held May 1995); results—Carlos Saul MENEM was elected;

Chamber of Deputies—last held 14 May 1989 (next to be held October 1991); results—JP 47%, UCR 30%, UCD 7%, other 16%; seats—(254 total); JP 122, UCR 93, UCD 11, other 28

_#_Communists: some 70,000 members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists

_#_Other political or pressure groups: Peronist-dominated labor movement, General Confederation of Labor (Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization), Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association), business organizations, students, the Roman Catholic Church, the Armed Forces

_#_Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-6, G-11,

G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD,

IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU,

LAES, LAIA, LORCS, NAM, OAS, PCA, RG, UN, UNAVEM, UNCTAD,

UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Ortiz de ROZAS; Chancery at 1600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone (202) 939–6400 through 6403; there are Argentine Consulates General in Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico), and Consulates in Baltimore, Chicago, and Los Angeles;

US—Ambassador Terence A. TODMAN; Embassy at 4300 Colombia, 1425 Buenos Aires (mailing address is APO Miami 34034); telephone [54] (1) 774–7611 or 8811, 9911

_#_Flag: three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May

_*Economy #_Overview: Argentina is rich in natural resources and has a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Nevertheless, following decades of mismanagement and statist policies, the economy has encountered major problems in recent years, leading to escalating inflation and a recession in 1988–90. A widening public-sector deficit and a multidigit inflation rate have dominated the economy over the past three years; retail prices rose nearly 5,000% in 1989 and another 1,345% in 1990. Since 1978, Argentina's external debt has nearly doubled to $60 billion, creating severe debt-servicing difficulties and hurting the country's creditworthiness with international lenders.

_#_GNP: $82.7 billion, per capita $2,560; real growth rate - 3.5% (1990 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1,350% (1990)

_#_Unemployment rate: 8.6% (May 1990)

_#_Budget: revenues $12.2 billion; expenditures $17.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.8 billion (1989)

_#_Exports: $12.4 billion (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities—meat, wheat, corn, oilseed, hides, wool;

partners—US 12%, USSR, Italy, Brazil, Japan, Netherlands

_#_Imports: $4.1 billion (c.i.f., 1990);

commodities—machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals, fuels and lubricants, agricultural products;

partners—US 22%, Brazil, FRG, Bolivia, Japan, Italy, Netherlands

_#_External debt: $60 billion (December 1990)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate 5% (1991 est.); accounts for 30% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 16,749,000 kW capacity; 45,580 million kWh produced, 1,410 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GNP (including fishing); produces abundant food for both domestic consumption and exports; among world's top five exporters of grain and beef; principal crops—wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans, sugar beets; 1987 fish catch estimated at 500,000 tons

_#_Economic aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $1.0 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–88), $4.0 billion; Communist countries (1970–89), $718 million

_#_Currency: austral (plural—australes); 1 austral (2) = 100 centavos

_#_Exchange rates: australes (2) per US$1—9,900 (April 1991), 4,707 (1990), 423 (1989), 8.7526 (1988), 2.1443 (1987), 0.9430 (1986), 0.6018 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*Communications #_Railroads: 34,172 km total (includes 169 km electrified); includes a mixture of 1.435-meter standard gauge, 1.676-meter broad gauge, 1.000-meter gauge, and 0.750-meter gauge

_#_Highways: 208,350 km total; 47,550 km paved, 39,500 km gravel, 101,000 km improved earth, 20,300 km unimproved earth

_#_Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable

_#_Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,900 km refined products; 9,918 km natural gas

_#_Ports: Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Necochea, Rio Gallegos, Rosario, Santa Fe

_#_Merchant marine: 129 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,663,884 GRT/2,689,645 DWT; includes 42 cargo, 7 refrigerated cargo, 6 container, 1 railcar carrier, 47 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 4 chemical tanker, 4 liquefied gas, 18 bulk; additionally, 2 naval tankers and 1 military transport are sometimes used commercially

_#_Civil air: 54 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 1,763 total, 1,575 usable; 135 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 31 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 336 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: extensive modern system; 2,650,000 telephones (12,000 public telephones); radio relay widely used; stations—171 AM, no FM, 231 TV, 13 shortwave; 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations; domestic satellite network has 40 stations

_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic, Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Argentine Naval Prefecture (Coast Guard only), National Aeronautical Police Force

_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 7,992,140; 6,478,730 fit for military service; 285,047 reach military age (20) annually

_#Defense expenditures: $700 million, 1% of GNP (1990) % @Aruba (part of the Dutch realm) *Geography #_Total area: 193 km2; land area: 193 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly larger than Washington, DC

_#_Land boundaries: none

_#_Coastline: 68.5 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm;

Territorial sea: 12 nm

_#_Climate: tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation

_#_Terrain: flat with a few hills; scant vegetation

_#_Natural resources: negligible; white sandy beaches

_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other 100%

_#_Environment: lies outside the Caribbean hurricane belt

_#_Note: 28 km north of Venezuela

_*People #_Population: 64,052 (July 1991), growth rate 0.6% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 15 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 6 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: - 4 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 8 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 80 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 1.8 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun—Aruban(s); adjective—Aruban

_#_Ethnic divisions: mixed European/Caribbean Indian 80%

_#_Religion: Roman Catholic 82%, Protestant 8%, also small Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, and Jewish minority

_#_Language: Dutch (official), Papiamento (a Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, English dialect), English (widely spoken), Spanish

_#_Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%)

_#_Labor force: NA, but most employment is in the tourist industry (1986)

_#_Organized labor: Aruban Workers' Federation (FTA)

_*Government #_Long-form name: none

_#_Type: part of the Dutch realm—full autonomy in internal affairs obtained in 1986 upon separation from the Netherlands Antilles

_#_Capital: Oranjestad

_#_Administrative divisions: none (self-governing part of the Netherlands)

_#_Independence: none (part of the Dutch realm); note—in 1990 Aruba requested and received from the Netherlands cancellation of the agreement to automatically give independence to the island in 1996

_#_Constitution: 1 January 1986

_#_Legal system: based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law influence

_#_National holiday: Flag Day, 18 March

_#_Executive branch: Dutch monarch, governor, prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

_#_Legislative branch: unicameral legislature (Staten)

_#_Judicial branch: Joint High Court of Justice

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State—Queen BEATRIX Wilhelmina Armgard (since 30 April 1980), represented by Governor General Felipe B. TROMP (since 1 January 1986);

Head of Government—Prime Minister Nelson ODUBER (since NA February 1989)

_#_Political parties and leaders:

Electoral Movement Party (MEP), Nelson ODUBER;

Aruban People's Party (AVP), Henny EMAN;

National Democratic Action (ADN), Pedro Charro KELLY;

New Patriotic Party (PPN), Eddy WERLEMEN;

Aruban Patriotic Party (PPA), Leo CHANCE;

Aruban Democratic Party (PDA), Leo BERLINSKI;

Democratic Action '86 (AD'86), Arturo ODUBER;

governing coalition includes the MEP, PPA, and ADN

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

_#_Elections:

Legislature—last held 6 January 1989 (next to be held by January 1993); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(21 total) MEP 10, AVP 8, ADN 1, PPN 1, PPA 1

_#_Member of: ECLAC (associate), INTERPOL, IOC, UNESCO (associate), WCL, WTO (associate)

_#_Diplomatic representation: none (self-governing part of the Netherlands)

_#_Flag: blue with two narrow horizontal yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner

_*Economy #_Overview: Tourism is the mainstay of the economy, although offshore banking and oil refining and storage are also important. Hotel capacity expanded rapidly between 1985 and 1989 and nearly doubled in 1990 alone. Unemployment has steadily declined from about 20% in 1986 to about 2% in 1990. The reopening of the local oil refinery, once a major source of employment and foreign exchange earnings, promises to give the economy an additional boost.

_#_GDP: $730 million, per capita $11,600; real growth rate 8.8% (1989 est.)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.8% (1990 est.)

_#_Unemployment rate: 1.6% (1990 est.)

_#_Budget: revenues $145 million; expenditures $185 million, including capital expenditures of $42 million (1988)

_#_Exports: $131.6 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);

commodities—mostly petroleum products;

partners—US 64%, EC

_#_Imports: $496 million (f.o.b., 1990 est.);

commodities—food, consumer goods, manufactures;

partners—US 8%, EC

_#_External debt: $81 million (1987)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate NA

_#_Electricity: 310,000 kW capacity; 945 million kWh produced, 15,000 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining

_#_Agriculture: poor quality soils and low rainfall limit agricultural activity to the cultivation of aloes, some livestock, and fishing

_#_Economic aid: Western (non-US) countries ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1980–1988), $200 million

_#_Currency: Aruban florin (plural—florins); 1 Aruban florin (Af.) = 100 cents

_#_Exchange rates: Aruban florins (Af.) per US$1—1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986)

_#_Fiscal year: calendar year

_*Communications #_Ports: Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas

_#_Airfield: government-owned airport east of Oranjestad

_#_Telecommunications: generally adequate; extensive interisland radio relay links; 72,168 telephones; stations—4 AM, 4 FM, 1 TV; 1 sea cable to Sint Maarten

_*Defense Forces #Note: defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands % @Ashmore and Cartier Islands (territory of Australia) *Geography #_Total area: 5 km2; land area: 5 km2; includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island

_#_Comparative area: about 8.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

_#_Land boundaries: none

_#_Coastline: 74.1 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Contiguous zone: 12 nm;

Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploration;

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 3 nm

_#_Climate: tropical

_#_Terrain: low with sand and coral

_#_Natural resources: fish

_#_Land use: arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 0%; forest and woodland 0%; other—grass and sand 100%

_#_Environment: surrounded by shoals and reefs; Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983

_#_Note: located in extreme eastern Indian Ocean between Australia and Indonesia 320 km off the northwest coast of Australia

_*People #_Population: no permanent inhabitants; seasonal caretakers

_*Government #_Long-form name: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands

_#_Type: territory of Australia administered by the Australian Ministry for Territories and Local Government

_#_Administrative divisions: none (territory of Australia)

_#_Legal system: relevant laws of the Northern Territory of Australia

_#_Note: administered by the Australian Minister for Arts, Sports, the Environment, Tourism, and Territories Roslyn KELLY

_#_Diplomatic representation: none (territory of Australia)

_*Economy #_Overview: no economic activity

_*Communications #_Ports: none; offshore anchorage only

_*Defense Forces #Note: defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force % @Atlantic Ocean *Geography #_Total area: 82,217,000 km2; includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water bodies

_#_Comparative area: slightly less than nine times the size of the US; second-largest of the world's four oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than Indian Ocean or Arctic Ocean)

_#_Coastline: 111,866 km

_#_Climate: tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November

_#_Terrain: surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the north Atlantic, counterclockwise warm water gyre in the south Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin; maximum depth is 8,605 meters in the Puerto Rico Trench

_#_Natural resources: oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious stones

_#_Environment: endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions, turtles, and whales; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US, southern Brazil, and eastern Argentina; oil pollution in Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Lake Maracaibo, Mediterranean Sea, and North Sea; industrial waste and municipal sewage pollution in Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Mediterranean Sea; icebergs common in Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, and the northwestern Atlantic from February to August and have been spotted as far south as Bermuda and the Madeira Islands; icebergs from Antarctica occur in the extreme southern Atlantic

_#_Note: ships subject to superstructure icing in extreme north Atlantic from October to May and extreme south Atlantic from May to October; persistent fog can be a hazard to shipping from May to September; major choke points include the Dardanelles, Strait of Gibraltar, access to the Panama and Suez Canals; strategic straits include the Dover Strait, Straits of Florida, Mona Passage, The Sound (Oresund), and Windward Passage; north Atlantic shipping lanes subject to icebergs from February to August; the Equator divides the Atlantic Ocean into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean

_*Economy #_Overview: Economic activity is limited to exploitation of natural resources, especially fish, dredging aragonite sands (The Bahamas), and crude oil and natural gas production (Caribbean Sea and North Sea).

_*Communications #_Ports: Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Saint Petersburg (formerly Leningrad; USSR), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Stockholm (Sweden)

_#_Telecommunications: numerous submarine cables with most between continental Europe and the UK, North America and the UK, and in the Mediterranean; numerous direct links across Atlantic via INTELSAT satellite network

_#Note: Kiel Canal and Saint Lawrence Seaway are two important waterways % @Australia *Geography #_Total area: 7,686,850 km2; land area: 7,617,930 km2; includes Macquarie Island

_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than the US

_#_Land boundaries: none

_#_Coastline: 25,760 km

_#_Maritime claims:

Contiguous zone: 12 nm;

Continental shelf: 200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation;

Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

Territorial sea: 3 nm

_#_Disputes: territorial claim in Antarctica (Australian Antarctic Territory)

_#_Climate: generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north

_#_Terrain: mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast

_#_Natural resources: bauxite, coal, iron ore, copper, tin, silver, uranium, nickel, tungsten, mineral sands, lead, zinc, diamonds, natural gas, crude oil

_#_Land use: arable land 6%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 58%; forest and woodland 14%; other 22%; includes irrigated NEGL%

_#_Environment: subject to severe droughts and floods; cyclones along coast; limited freshwater availability; irrigated soil degradation; regular, tropical, invigorating, sea breeze known as the doctor occurs along west coast in summer; desertification

_#_Note: world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country

_*People #_Population: 17,288,044 (July 1991), growth rate 1.5% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 15 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 7 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 8 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 80 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 1.8 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun—Australian(s); adjective—Australian

_#_Ethnic divisions: Caucasian 95%, Asian 4%, Aboriginal and other 1%

_#_Religion: Anglican 26.1%, Roman Catholic 26.0%, other Christian 24.3%

_#_Language: English, native languages

_#_Literacy: 100% (male 100%, female 100%) age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.)

_#_Labor force: 7,700,000; finance and services 33.8%, public and community services 22.3%, wholesale and retail trade 20.1%, manufacturing and industry 16.2%, agriculture 6.1% (1987)

_#_Organized labor: 42% of labor force (1988)

_*Government #_Long-form name: Commonwealth of Australia

_#_Type: federal parliamentary state

_#_Capital: Canberra

_#_Administrative divisions: 6 states and 2 territories*; Australian Capital Territory*, New South Wales, Northern Territory*, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

_#_Dependent areas: Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island

_#_Independence: 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)

_#_Constitution: 9 July 1900, effective 1 January 1901

_#_Legal system: based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

_#_National holiday: Australia Day (last Monday in January), 29 January 1990

_#_Executive branch: British monarch, governor general, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet

_#_Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Parliament consists of an upper house or Senate and a lower house or House of Representatives

_#_Judicial branch: High Court

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State—Queen ELIZABETH II (since February 1952), represented by Governor General William George HAYDEN (since NA February 1989);

Head of Government—Prime Minister Robert James Lee HAWKE (since 11 March 1983); Deputy Prime Minister Paul KEATING (since 3 April 1990)

_#_Political parties and leaders:

government—Australian Labor Party, Robert James Lee HAWKE;

opposition—Liberal Party, John HEWSON; National Party, Timothy FISCHER; Australian Democratic Party, Janet POWELL

_#_Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18

_#_Elections:

Senate—last held 11 July 1987 (next to be held by July 1993); results—Labor 43%, Liberal-National 42%, Australian Democrats 8%, independents 2%; seats—(76 total) Labor 32, Liberal-National 34, Australian Democrats 7, independents 3;

House of Representatives—last held 24 March 1990 (next to be held by November 1993); results—Labor 39.7%, Liberal-National 43%, Australian Democrats and independents 11.1%; seats—(148 total) Labor 78, Liberal-National 69, independent 1

_#_Communists: 4,000 members (est.)

_#_Other political or pressure groups: Australian Democratic Labor Party (anti-Communist Labor Party splinter group); Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Action (Nuclear Disarmament Party splinter group)

_#_Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), ANZUS, APEC, AsDB, BIS, C, CCC, CP,

EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, G-8, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA,

IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM,

ISO, ITU, LORCS, NAM (guest), NEA, OECD, PCA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD,

UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIIMOG, UNTAG, UNTSO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Michael J. COOK; Chancery at 1601 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20036; telephone (202) 797–3000; there are Australian Consulates General in Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Pago Pago (American Samoa), and San Francisco;

US—Ambassador Melvin F. SEMBLER; Moonah Place, Yarralumla,

Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600 (mailing address is APO San

Francisco 96404); telephone [61] (6) 270–5000; there are US Consulates

General in Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney, and a Consulate in Brisbane

_#_Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four, larger, seven-pointed stars

_*Economy #_Overview: Australia has a prosperous Western-style capitalist economy, with a per capita GNP comparable to levels in industrialized West European countries. Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major exporter of agricultural products, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels. Of the top 25 exports, 21 are primary products, so that, as happened during 1983–84, a downturn in world commodity prices can have a big impact on the economy. The government is pushing for increased exports of manufactured goods but competition in international markets will be severe.

_#_GDP: $255.9 billion, per capita $15,000; real growth rate 2.2% (1990)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.9% (December 1990)

_#_Unemployment rate: 9.2% (March 1991)

_#_Budget: revenues $74.2 billion; expenditures $67.9 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (FY90)

_#_Exports: $39.8 billion (f.o.b., FY90);

commodities—metals, minerals, coal, wool, cereals, meat, manufacturers;

partners—Japan 26%, US 11%, NZ 6%, South Korea 4%, Singapore 4%, UK, Taiwan, Hong Kong

_#_Imports: $42.0 billion (f.o.b., FY90);

commodities—manufactured raw materials, capital equipment, consumer goods;

partners—US 24%, Japan 19%, UK 6%, FRG 7%, NZ 4% (1990)

_#_External debt: $123.7 billion (September 1990)

_#_Industrial production: growth rate - 1.8% (1990); accounts for 32% of GDP

_#_Electricity: 38,000,000 kW capacity; 150,000 million kWh produced, 8,860 kWh per capita (1990)

_#_Industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel, motor vehicles

_#_Agriculture: accounts for 5% of GNP and 37% of export revenues; world's largest exporter of beef and wool, second-largest for mutton, and among top wheat exporters; major crops—wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruit; livestock—cattle, sheep, poultry

_#_Economic aid: donor—ODA and OOF commitments (1970–89), $10.4 billion

_#_Currency: Australian dollar (plural—dollars); 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

_#_Exchange rates: Australian dollars ($A) per US$1—1.2834 (January 1991), 1.2799 (1990), 1.2618 (1989), 1.2752 (1988), 1.4267 (1987), 1.4905 (1986), 1.4269 (1985)

_#_Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June

_*Communications #_Railroads: 40,478 km total; 7,970 km 1.600-meter gauge, 16,201 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 16,307 km 1.067-meter gauge; 183 km dual gauge; 1,130 km electrified; government owned (except for a few hundred kilometers of privately owned track) (1985)

_#_Highways: 837,872 km total; 243,750 km paved, 228,396 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 365,726 km unimproved earth

_#_Inland waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft

_#_Pipelines: crude oil, 2,500 km; refined products, 500 km; natural gas, 5,600 km

_#_Ports: Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Devonport, Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart, Launceston, Mackay, Melbourne, Sydney, Townsville

_#_Merchant marine: 77 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,249,926 GRT/3,391,323 DWT; includes 2 short-sea passenger, 6 cargo, 6 container, 10 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1 vehicle carrier, 16 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 1 chemical tanker, 4 liquefied gas, 1 combination ore/oil, 30 bulk

_#_Civil air: around 150 major transport aircraft

_#_Airports: 747 total, 524 usable; 270 with permanent-surface runways, 1 with runways over 3,659 m; 17 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 401 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

_#_Telecommunications: good international and domestic service; 8.7 million telephones; stations—258 AM, 67 FM, 134 TV; submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; domestic satellite service; satellite stations—4 Indian Ocean INTELSAT, 6 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth stations

_*Defense Forces #_Branches: Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Australian Air Force

_#_Manpower availability: males 15–49, 4,689,559; 4,090,921 fit for military service; 135,435 reach military age (17) annually

_#Defense expenditures: $6.6 billion, 2.2% of GDP (FY90) % @Austria *Geography #_Total area: 83,850 km2; land area: 82,730 km2

_#_Comparative area: slightly smaller than Maine

_#_Land boundaries: 2,640 km total; Czechoslovakia 548 km, Germany 784 km, Hungary 366 km, Italy 430 km, Liechtenstein 37 km, Switzerland 164 km, Yugoslavia 311 km

_#_Coastline: none—landlocked

_#_Maritime claims: none—landlocked

_#_Climate: temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers

_#_Terrain: mostly mountains with Alps in west and south; mostly flat, with gentle slopes along eastern and northern margins

_#_Natural resources: iron ore, crude oil, timber, magnesite, aluminum, lead, coal, lignite, copper, hydropower

_#_Land use: arable land 17%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 24%; forest and woodland 39%; other 19%; includes irrigated NEGL%

_#_Environment: because of steep slopes, poor soils, and cold temperatures, population is concentrated on eastern lowlands

_#_Note: landlocked; strategic location at the crossroads of central Europe with many easily traversable Alpine passes and valleys; major river is the Danube

_*People #_Population: 7,665,804 (July 1991), growth rate 0.3% (1991)

_#_Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Death rate: 11 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Net migration rate: 2 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

_#_Infant mortality rate: 5 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

_#_Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 81 years female (1991)

_#_Total fertility rate: 1.5 children born/woman (1991)

_#_Nationality: noun—Austrian(s); adjective—Austrian

_#_Ethnic divisions: German 99.4%, Croatian 0.3%, Slovene 0.2%, other 0.1%

_#_Religion: Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 6%, other 9%

_#_Language: German

_#_Literacy: 99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1974 est.)

_#_Labor force: 3,470,000 (1989); services 56.4%, industry and crafts 35.4%, agriculture and forestry 8.1%; an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number 177,840, about 6% of labor force (1988)

_#_Organized labor: 60.1% of work force; the Austrian Trade Union Federation has 1,644,408 members (1989)

_*Government #_Long-form name: Republic of Austria

_#_Type: federal republic

_#_Capital: Vienna

_#_Administrative divisions: 9 states (bundeslander, singular—bundesland); Burgenland, Karnten, Niederosterreich, Oberosterreich, Salzburg, Steiermark, Tirol, Vorarlberg, Wien

_#_Independence: 12 November 1918 (from Austro-Hungarian Empire)

_#_Constitution: 1920, revised 1929 (reinstated 1945)

_#_Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

_#_National holiday: National Day, 26 October (1955)

_#_Executive branch: president, chancellor, vice chancellor, Council of Ministers (cabinet)

_#_Legislative branch: bicameral Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung) consists of an upper council or Federal Council (Bundesrat) and a lower council or National Council (Nationalrat)

_#_Judicial branch: Supreme Judicial Court (Oberster Gerichtshof) for civil and criminal cases, Administrative Court (Verwaltungsgerichtshof) for bureaucratic cases, Constitutional Court (Verfassungsgerichtshof) for constitutional cases

_#_Leaders:

Chief of State—President Kurt WALDHEIM (since 8 July 1986);

Head of Government—Chancellor Franz VRANITZKY (since 16 June 1986); Vice Chancellor Josef RIEGLER (since 19 May 1989)

_#_Political parties and leaders:

Socialist Party of Austria (SPO), Franz VRANITZKY, chairman;

Austrian People's Party (OVP), Josef RIEGLER, chairman;

Freedom Party of Austria (FPO), Jorg HAIDER, chairman;

Communist Party (KPO), Franz MUHRI, chairman;

Green Alternative List (GAL), Andreas WABL, chairman

_#_Suffrage: universal at age 19; compulsory for presidential elections

_#_Elections:

President—last held 8 June 1986 (next to be held May 1992); results of Second Ballot—Dr. Kurt WALDHEIM 53.89%, Dr. Kurt STEYRER 46.11%;

National Council—last held 7 October 1990 (next to be held October 1994); results—SP0 43%, OVP 32.1%, FPO 16.6%, GAL 4.5%, KPO 0.7%, other 0.32%; seats—(183 total) SP0 80, OVP 60, FP0 33, GAL 10

_#_Communists: membership 15,000 est.; activists 7,000–8,000

_#_Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party (OVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; OVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action

_#_Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, CSCE,

EBRD, ECE, EFTA, ESA, FAO, G-9, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,

IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO,

ITU, LORCS, NAM (guest), NEA, OAS (observer), OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,

UNESCO, UNDOF, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG, UNTSO, UPU, WCL,

WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

_#_Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Friedrich HOESS; Embassy at 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 483–4474; there are Austrian Consulates General in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York;

US—Ambassador Roy Michael HUFFINGTON; Embassy at Boltzmanngasse 16, A-1091, Vienna (mailing address is APO New York 09108–0001); telephone [43] (222) 31–55-11; there is a US Consulate General in Salzburg

_#_Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red

_*Economy #_Overview: Austria boasts a prosperous and stable capitalist economy with a sizable proportion of nationalized industry and extensive welfare benefits. Thanks to an excellent raw material endowment, a technically skilled labor force, and strong links to West German industrial firms, Austria has successfully occupied specialized niches in European industry and services (tourism, banking) and produces almost enough food to feed itself with only 8% of the labor force in agriculture. Improved export prospects from German unification and the opening of Eastern Europe will also boost the economy during the next few years. Living standards are roughly comparable with the large industrial countries of Western Europe. Problems for the l990s include an aging population, the high level of subsidies, and the struggle to keep welfare benefits within budget capabilities. Austria, which has applied for EC membership, is currently involved in EC and European Free Trade Association negotiations for a European Economic Area and will have to adapt its economy to achieve freer movement of goods, services, capital, and labor with the EC.

_#_GDP: $111.0 billion, per capita $14,500; real growth rate 4.5% (1990)

_#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.3% (1990)

_#_Unemployment: 5.4% (1990)

_#_Budget: revenues $44.1 billion; expenditures $49.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1990)

_#_Exports: $40.9 billion (f.o.b., 1990);

commodities—machinery and equipment, iron and steel, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals;

partners—EC 64.8%, EFTA 10.3%, CEMA 7.7%, US 3.2%, Japan 1.5%

_#_Imports: $46.6 billion (c.i.f., 1990);

commodities—petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, vehicles, chemicals, textiles and clothing, pharmaceuticals;