Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 223

Agriculture - products:

wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock

Industries:

steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining

Industrial production growth rate:

11.6% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 6

Electricity - production:

11.32 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 89

Electricity - consumption:

8.488 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 89

Electricity - exports:

4.344 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Electricity - imports:

3.743 billion kWh (2007 est.)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 117

Oil - consumption:

29,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 112

Oil - exports:

191.8 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 131

Oil - imports:

25,990 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 106

Oil - proved reserves:

0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 203

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 204

Natural gas - consumption:

310 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 98

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 50

Natural gas - imports:

310 million cu m country comparison to the world: 63

Natural gas - proved reserves:

0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 202

Current account balance:

-$2.764 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 145 -$1.931 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$5.194 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 107 $4.243 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

metals, clothing, wood products

Exports - partners:

Croatia 20.7%, Slovenia 16.7%, Italy 16.7%, Germany 13%, Austria 10.3%, Hungary 4.8% (2008)

Imports:

$12.29 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 89 $9.947 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs

Imports - partners:

Croatia 24.6%, Slovenia 12.7%, Germany 12.3%, Italy 10.5%, Hungary 6.6%, Turkey 6.5%, Austria 6.3% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$3.516 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 90 $4.525 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$7.388 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 95 $6.734 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Exchange rates:

konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar - 1.3083 (2008 est.), 1.4419 (2007), 1.5576 (2006), 1.5727 (2005), 1.5752 (2004)

note: the convertible mark is pegged to the euro

Communications ::Bosnia and Herzegovina

Telephones - main lines in use:

1.031 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 80

Telephones - mobile cellular:

3.179 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 106

Telephone system:

general assessment: post-war reconstruction of the telecommunications network, aided by a internationally sponsored program under ERBD, resulted in sharp increases in the number of main telephone lines available; mobile cellular subscribership has been increasing rapidly

domestic: fixed-line teledensity roughly 22 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular telephone density has reached 70 per 100 persons

international: country code - 387; no satellite earth stations (2008)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 8, FM 16, shortwave 1 (1998)

Television broadcast stations:

33 (plus 277 repeaters) (September 1995)

Internet country code:

.ba

Internet hosts:

69,370 (2009) country comparison to the world: 79

Internet users:

1.308 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 81

Transportation ::Bosnia and Herzegovina

Airports:

25 (2009) country comparison to the world: 132

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 7

2,438 to 3,047 m: 4

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

under 914 m: 2 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 18

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 7

under 914 m: 10 (2009)

Heliports:

5 (2009)

Railways:

total: 1,000 km country comparison to the world: 88 standard gauge: 1,000 km 1.435-m gauge (590 km electrified) (2008)

Roadways:

total: 21,846 km country comparison to the world: 107 paved: 11,425 km (4,714 km of interurban roads)

unpaved: 10,421 km (2006)

Waterways:

Sava River (northern border) open to shipping but use limited (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava River), Orasje

Military ::Bosnia and Herzegovina

Military branches:

Bosnia and Herzegovina Armed Forces (OSBiH): Army of Bosnia and

Herzegovina, Air and Air Defense Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina

(Zrakoplovstvo i Protuzracna Obrana, ZPO) (2009)

Military service age and obligation:

18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished January 2006; 4-month service obligation (2009)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 1,212,007

females age 16–49: 1,170,645 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 991,953

females age 16–49: 959,226 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 27,368

female: 25,644 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

4.5% of GDP (2005 est.) country comparison to the world: 23

Transnational Issues ::Bosnia and Herzegovina

Disputes - international:

sections along the Drina River remain in dispute between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia; discussions continue with Croatia on several small disputed sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinder final ratification of the 1999 border agreement

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 7,269 (Croatia)

IDPs: 131,600 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks displaced in 1992–95 war) (2007)

Illicit drugs:

increasingly a transit point for heroin being trafficked to Western Europe; minor transit point for marijuana; remains highly vulnerable to money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and unregulated economy, weak law enforcement, and instances of corruption

page last updated on November 11, 2009

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@Botswana (Africa)

Introduction ::Botswana

Background:

Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining, dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.

Geography ::Botswana

Location:

Southern Africa, north of South Africa

Geographic coordinates: