Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 477

Population below poverty line:

50% (2004 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: NA%

highest 10%: NA%

Investment (gross fixed):

20.2% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 105

Budget:

revenues: $234.6 million

expenditures: $523.3 million (2008 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

18% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 200 17% (2007 est.)

Stock of money:

$896.2 million (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 89 $749.1 million (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money:

$1.053 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 94 $932.9 million (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$1.851 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 94 $1.711 billion (31 December 2007)

Agriculture - products:

sorghum, lentils, vegetables, corn, cotton, tobacco, sisal; livestock, goats; fish

Industries:

food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, light manufacturing, salt, cement

Industrial production growth rate:

2% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 103

Electricity - production:

271 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 170

Electricity - consumption:

228 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 175

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 179

Oil - consumption:

5,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 168

Oil - exports:

0 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 189

Oil - imports:

4,790 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 158

Oil - proved reserves:

0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 173

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 186

Natural gas - consumption:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 189

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 62

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 85

Natural gas - proved reserves:

0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 184

Current account balance:

-$229 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 92 -$203 million (2007 est.)

Exports:

$13 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 209 $12 million (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small manufactures

Exports - partners:

Itlay 25.3%, Sudan 17.2%, China 15.8%, India 8.8%, France 6.7%,

Saudi Arabia 6.5%, Russia 4.1% (2008)

Imports:

$601 million (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 183 $580 million (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods

Imports - partners:

India 28.5%, Saudi Arabia 17.8%, Italy 10.9%, China 8.5%, US 4.4%,

Germany 4% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$24 million (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 155 $34 million (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$311 million (2000 est.) country comparison to the world: 175

Exchange rates:

nakfa (ERN) per US dollar - 15.38 (2008 est.), 15.5 (2007), 15.4 (2006), 14.5 (2005), 13.788 (2004)

note: the official exchange rate is 15 nakfa to the dollar

Communications ::Eritrea

Telephones - main lines in use:

40,400 (2008) country comparison to the world: 169

Telephones - mobile cellular:

108,600 (2008) country comparison to the world: 181

Telephone system:

general assessment: inadequate; combined fixed-line and mobile cellular subscribership is only about 3 per 100 persons (2008)

domestic: inadequate; most telephones are in Asmara; government is seeking international tenders to improve the system (2002)

international: country code - 291; note - international connections exist

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 2, FM NA, shortwave 2 (2000)

Television broadcast stations:

2 (2006)

Internet country code:

.er

Internet hosts:

1,307 (2009) country comparison to the world: 156

Internet users:

200,000 (2008) country comparison to the world: 135

Transportation ::Eritrea

Airports:

14 (2009) country comparison to the world: 147

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 4

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 10

over 3,047 m: 1

2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

1,524 to 2,437 m: 3

914 to 1,523 m: 3

under 914 m: 2 (2009)

Heliports:

1 (2009)

Railways:

total: 306 km country comparison to the world: 121 narrow gauge: 306 km 0.950-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 4,010 km country comparison to the world: 157 paved: 874 km

unpaved: 3,136 km (2000)

Merchant marine:

total: 5 country comparison to the world: 131 by type: cargo 2, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Assab, Massawa

Military ::Eritrea

Military branches:

Eritrean Armed Forces: Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force (2008)

Military service age and obligation:

18–40 years of age for male and female voluntary and compulsory military service; 16-month conscript service obligation (2006)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 1,108,836

females age 16–49: 1,096,120 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 834,018

females age 16–49: 887,495 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 62,265

female: 62,328 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

6.3% of GDP (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 9

Transnational Issues ::Eritrea

Disputes - international:

Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision but, neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statement; UN Peacekeeping Mission to Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE), which has monitored the 25-km-wide Temporary Security Zone in Eritrea since 2000, is extended for six months in 2007 despite Eritrean restrictions on its operations and reduced force of 17,000; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting eastern Sudanese rebel groups

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

IDPs: 32,000 (border war with Ethiopia from 1998–2000; most IDPs are near the central border region) (2007)

page last updated on November 11, 2009

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@Estonia (Europe)

Introduction ::Estonia

Background:

After centuries of Danish, Swedish, German, and Russian rule, Estonia attained independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US - it regained its freedom in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has been free to promote economic and political ties with Western Europe. It joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004.

Geography ::Estonia

Location:

Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia

Geographic coordinates: