Читать книгу IT Architecture from A to Z: Theoretical basis. First Edition - Vadim Aldzhanov - Страница 33

Projects IN Controlled Environments (PRINCE2) is a structured project management project management methodology. It is one of the most popular project management methodologies, widely used by the UK business and government. PRINCE2 is Process-Based Project Management (PBPM) that focuses on top-level processes (management, organization, control), and not on lower-level tasks (work decomposition, schedule development).

The PRINCE2 methodology is based on seven principles, seven themes and seven processes. The principles are the core element of the methodology: if at least one of them is not implemented, the project is not carried out via PRINCE2.

The 7 Principles

•Continued Business Justification identifies whether the economic benefit of the project remains unchanged throughout the project’s life cycle.

•Learn from Experience implies that project teams should take lessons from previous projects into account.

•Define Roles and Responsibilities implies that project team must have a clear organizational structure and involve the right people to solve the tasks.

•Manage by Stages is required to get projects planned, monitored and controlled at each stage.

•Manage by Exception implies that the permissible deviation boundaries within the project should be clearly defined in order to establish the lines of responsibility.

•Focus on Products requires focusing on determination and achieving the project outcomes.

•Tailor to the Environment implies that project management processes and tools should be tailored to the requirements of the project environment, as well as to the scope of work, its complexity, importance, qualification requirements and risk level.

PRINCE2 ensures that every project has a business case and contributes value creation. Planning begins with a clear definition of the needs requested by the consumer, the real benefits and accurate cost estimates.

The 7 Themes

•Business Case: what value will the project bring to business?

•Organization: how to distribute roles and responsibilities among project team members in order to manage the project effectively?

•Quality: what are the requirements and criteria for quality and how to provide them?

•Plans: the steps required to develop the plan, and the PRINCE2 tools to use.

•Risk: how will the project management solve the problem of uncertain events in the project plan and in the external environment?

•Change: how will the project management evaluate and respond to the impact of unforeseen tasks and changes?

•Progress: feasibility of the project, the implementation of plans and further development of the project.

The 7 Processes

Finally, PRINCE2 involves the following seven project management processes:

• Starting Up a Project (SU)

• Directing a Project (DP)

• Initiating a Project (IP)

• Controlling a Stage (CS)

• Managing Product Delivery (MP)

• Managing Stage Boundaries (SB)

• Closing a Project (CP).

PRINCE2 allows standardizing project management procedures, improving coordination of activities, and helps understand how to plan a project and monitor its implementation, what should be done if a project plan is not executed. However, PRINCE2 methodology is not the best choice for small-scale projects or for projects with a greater of likelihood of changes in the scope of work and requirements for them.

PRINCE2 strengths are:

• Adaptability to the organizational features;

• Having a clear description of roles and responsibilities;

• Focus on project products;

• Certain management levels;

• Focus on economic feasibility;

• The sequence of project work;

• Focus on experience fixing and continuous improvement.

PRINCE2 weaknesses are lack or absence of industry practices and specific work tools.