Читать книгу Brains Confounded by the Ode of Abū Shādūf Expounded - Yūsuf al-Shirbīnī - Страница 9

(ذكر طرف يسير من أسمائهم وألقابهم وما يُكَنَّوا به)

An Account of a Few of Their Names, Nicknames, and Kunyahs¹⁹

٩،٢2.9

(أمّا أسماؤهم) فإنّها كأسماء العفاريت * أو رُقَع الشلاتيت * فيُسَمَّوْا جُنَيْجِل وجُلَيْجِل * وعَفْر ودعموم وزُعَيْط ومُعَيْط وقُسَيْط * وشلاطه ولهاطه * وشقليط ومقليط * وصفّار وبهوار وجعمار * وعِمْران وشعوان * وشمضوت وبرغوت * والعفش والنتش وكسبر وقفندر * وحنين وبنين * ودقميرى وفنديشه * وشُحَيْبَر وبُعَيْبَر ومحمّد بكسر الميم والحاء ومحمّدين والأسماء وإن كانت لا تُعلَّل * فإنّ أسمائهم هذه تشبه العِلَل *

Their names are like those of demons or like patches on tatters. They are called Junayjil (“Little Bell”) and Julayjil (ditto), ʿAfr (“Dust”) and Duʿmūm, Zuʿayṭ, Muʿayṭ, and Qusayṭ (“Little Milk Can”), Shallāṭah (“Mattock”) and Lahhāṭah,²⁰ Shuqlayṭ and Muqlayṭ,²¹ Ṣaffār (“Whistler”), Bahwār (“Braggart”) and Jaʿmār, ʿImrān and Shaʿwān, Shamḍūt and Burghūt (“Fleas”), al-ʿAfsh (“Field Trash”) and al-Natsh (“Snatching, Swiping”), Kusbur²² and Qafandar, Ḥunayn and Bunayn, Duqmayrī and Fandīshah, Shuḥaybir²³ and Buʿaybir, Miḥimmad with “i” after both the “m” and the “ḥ,” and Miḥimmadayn. Though it’s true that names can’t be “diagnosed,” theirs are certainly sick!

١٠،٢2.10

وقد يسمّوا بالفال كما اتّفق أنّ رجلًا وُلِدَ له غلام فسمع رجلّا يقول لآخر يا أعمش العين فقال نسمّيه عَمّوش فسُمّي بذلك واتّفق أنّ رجلًا ولدت زوجته أنثى فسمع رجلًا يقول لآخر هات الزبل فقال لأمّها سمّيها زُبَيْله فسُمّيت بذلك وزبيلة تصغير زبلة وزبلة فيها معنيان كونها واحدة الزبل وكونها مشتقّة من الزبالة والزبلة على وزن عجلة أو فجلة أو نملة أو قملة وقال الشاعر [وافر]

وزِبْلَهْ وَزْنُها عِجْلَهْ وفِجْلَهْ

ونَمْلَةُ ثُمَّ رَمْلَهْ ثُمَّ قَمْلَهْ

Sometimes they give names to commemorate an auspicious event. For example, it happened that a boy was born to a man who heard another say to someone, “You there, bleary eyes!” and the father said, “We’ll call him Little Bleary Eyes,” and so he was named. Similarly, it happened that a man’s wife gave birth to a female and the father heard one man saying to another, “Fetch the droppings (zibl)!” and he said to the mother, “We’ll call her Little Dropping (Zubaylah),” and so she was named. Zubaylah is the diminutive of ziblah²⁴ and ziblah has two meanings, being both the unit noun²⁵ of zibl (“dung”) and derived from zubālah (“garbage”).²⁶ Ziblah is of the measure²⁷ of ʿijlah (“calf”), fijlah (“radish”), namlah (“ant”), or qamlah (“louse”). As the poet has it:

The measure of ziblah, they say, is ʿijlah and fijlah,

And namlah, plus ramlah (“patch of sand”) and qamlah.

١١،٢2.11

(وقد ذكرتُ بتسمية هذا الفال ما يقرب من هذا المعنى) وهو ما حكى بعضهم أنّ زوجته ولدت غلامًا فسمع رجلًا يقول لآخر دم الحس قفاك فسمّاه بذلك ثمّ ولد له ثاني فسمع رجلًا يقول لآخر شاربك في الخرا فسمّاه بذلك ثمّ إنّ دم الحس قفاك كبر وانتشأ وكذلك شاربك في الخرا بلغ من العمر عشر سنين فأرسلهما للكُتّاب فقرأ دم الحس قفاك القرآن وبرع فيه وكذلك شاربك في الخرا إلى يوم من بعض الأيّام قال دم الحس قفاك لأخيه شاربك في الخرا قصدنا يا أخي الذهاب لبحر النيل نسبح فيه فقال شاربك في الخرا السمع والطاعه فتوجّه دم الحس قفاك هو وأخوه شاربك في الخرا إلى أن أشرفا على بحر النيل ونزلا فيه وكان دم الحس قفاك ماهرًا في العوم وشاربك في الخرا عومه قليل فسبق دم الحس قفاك أخوه شاربك في الخرا فتضايق شاربك في الخرا واشتدّ به الأمر وأشرف على الغرق فالتفت إليه دم الحس قفاك فرأى شاربك في الخرا في شدّة عظيمة فأقبل عليه ووضع يده تحت إبطه وأسنده على ظهره ولم يزل يتلطّف به حتّى أوصله إلى البرّ فلولا أن دم الحس قفاك لبق وإلّا كان شاربك في الخرا غرق

Such naming techniques remind me of a somewhat similar story, which is that a man once said that his wife gave birth to a boy and he heard one man say to another, “Blood slap the back of your neck!”²⁸ so he made that the boy’s name. Then another son was born to him and he heard another man say to someone, “Your moustache in the shit!” so he called him the same. Now, Blood-Slap-the-Back-of-Your-Neck grew up and became a big boy and Your-Moustache-in-the-Shit likewise reached the age of ten, so their father sent them to school, where Blood-Slap-the-Back-of-Your-Neck learned the Qurʾan and Your-Moustache-in-the-Shit did likewise. One day, Blood-Slap-the-Back-of-Your-Neck said to his brother Your-Moustache-in-the-Shit, “Verily, we have determined, O my brother, to hie us unto the river Nile, therein to bathe!” To which Your-Moustache-in-the-Shit replied, “We hear and obey!” So Blood-Slap-the-Back-of-Your-Neck and his brother Your-Moustache-in-the-Shit proceeded to the edge of the river Nile and went in. Now Blood-Slap-the-Back-of-Your-Neck was a skilled swimmer, while his brother Your-Moustache-in-the-Shit hardly knew how to swim, so Blood-Slap-the-Back-of-Your-Neck overtook Your-Moustache-in-the-Shit. At this Your-Moustache-in-the-Shit grew angry, got into difficulties, and would have drowned had not Blood-Slap-the-Back-of-Your-Neck turned and seen that Your-Moustache-in-the-Shit was in a desperate plight. Going to him, he put his hands under his brother’s arms, turned him on his back, and drew him gently along until he brought him to shore. Thus, had Blood-Slap-the-Back-of-Your-Neck not got there first, Your-Moustache-in-the-Shit would have drowned!²⁹

١٢،٢2.12

(ومرّ رجل بغلام يضرب أباه) ويَسْخَرُ به ويَسُبُّه فقال له يا غلام إن لأبيك عليك حق أن لا تَنْهَرَه ولا تُؤْذِيَه وأن تُحْسِنَ الأدب معه ولو كان كافرا فقال له يا سيدي وأنا الآخر لي عليه حق فقال وما حقّك عليه فقال أن يحسن اسمي ويعلّمني القرآن وأن يرشدني إلى أحسن الصنائع وهذا سمّاني دَبّوس * وعلّمني لسان المَجُوس * وصيّرني بين الناس خَلْبوص * أفلا أضربه فقال بل صُكَّه بالنعال * فإنّه مستحقّ لأقبح الفعال *

Similarly, a man once came upon a boy beating his father and mocking and abusing him the while. The man said to him, “Young man, it is your duty not to speak harshly to your father or do him harm! Be he an infidel, you must treat him politely!” to which the boy replied, “Sir, I too have the right to demand certain things of him,” “And what might those be?” said the man. “To give me a decent name, teach me the Qurʾan, and direct me towards a worthy profession. But this man named me Skewer, taught me the language of the Magians,³⁰ and sent me out in public as a buffoon!³¹ Why then should I not beat him?” The first replied, “On the contrary, you should thrash him with a shoe, for he deserves the very worst that you can do!”

١٣،٢2.13

(ومرّ رجل على سيّدنا عمر بن الخطّاب رضي الله عنه) فقال له ما اسمك قال تَنُّور قال وأمّك قال شَرارة قال وأبوك قال لَهَب قال وفي أيّ واد أنت قال في وادي النار فقال له عمر رضي الله عنه اذهب إلى واديك فإنّ أهلك قد احترقوا قال فمضى الرجل فرأى الأمر كما ذكره سيّدنا عمر رضي الله عنه والأسماء تدلّ على لطافة المسمّى أو على كثافته وفي كلام أهل العلم والتدريب * كلّ أحد له من اسمه نصيب *

And once a man passed Our Master ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb, may the Almighty be pleased with him, and the latter asked him, “What is your name?” “Oven,” he replied. “And your mother’s?” “Spark.” “And your father’s?” “Flame.” “And in what valley do you dwell?” “In Fire Valley.”³² Then said Our Master ʿUmar, may the Almighty be pleased with him, “Go back to your valley, for your family has all burned!” When the man got home, he found it to be as Our Master ʿUmar, may the Almighty be pleased with him, had said.³³ It is a fact that names point to the refinement or coarseness of those who bear them, and, as men of learning and experience relate, “Each man’s name determines his fate.”

١٤،٢2.14

(ويُكَنّوا) أبو شعره وأبو معره وأبو متارد وأبو شوالي وأبو جاموس وأبو قادوس وأبو عفره وأبو دعموم وأبو شادوف وأبو جاروف وأبو مشكاح وأبو رمّاح وأبو نطّاح وأبو بقر وأبو مطر وأبو هودج وأبو خرق النورج وأبو ضلام وأبو شقرير وأبو قشقوش وأبو قسيم وأبو جريده وأبو طعيمه وأبو بليله وأبو زغلول وأبو سيسي وأبو جاهل وأبو قصاله وأبو زباله وأبو بعبوص وأبو نموص وأبو لبده وأبو غده وأبو زعيط وأبو معيط وأبو بريطع وأبو زعيزع وأبو تعيتع وأبو شعيشع وأبو صابر وأبو خنافر وأبو هوير وأبو طرطر وأبو عوكل وأبو حوقل وأبو هبول وأبو عسقول وأبو ربابه وأبو زغابه وأبو طريف وأبو قحيف وأبو عريش وأبو كريش وأبو فتيشه وأبو دشيشه وأبو قَزَق وأبو قَلّوط وأبو جحلاط وأبو جيص وأبو كانون وأبو مقلد وأبو جعباظ

Their kunyahs are Abū Shiʿrah (“Father of Pubic Hair”) and Abū Miʿrah,³⁴ Abū Matārid (“Father of Crocks”), Abū Shawālī (“Father of Bowls”), Abū Jāmūs (“Father of a Buffalo”), and Abū Qādūs (“Father of a Waterwheel Scoop/Jar”), Abū ʿAfrah (“Father of Dust”), Abū Duʿmūm, Abū Shādūf (“Father of the Shadoof”³⁵), and Abū Jārūf (“Father of a Shovel”), Abū Mishkāḥ and Abū Rammāḥ (“Father of a Lancer”) and Abū Naṭṭāḥ (“Father of a Head-Butter”), Abū Baqar (“Father of Cows”) and Abū Maṭar (“Father of Rain”), Abū Hawdaj (“Father of a Camel Litter”) and Abū Kharq al-Nawraj (“Father of the Hole in the Threshing Sled”), Abū Ḍalām (“Father of Darkness”), Abū Shuqrayr, Abū Qashqūsh,³⁶ Abū Qusaym (“Father of a Little Yoke Peg”), Abū Jarīdah (“Father of a Palm Frond”), Abū Ṭaʿīmah, and Abū Balīlah (“Father of Boiled Wheat”), Abū Zughlūl (“Father of a Squab”), Abū Sīsī (“Father of a Pony”), Abū Jāhil (“Father of an Ignorant One”), Abū Qaṣālah (“Father of Knotty Wheat Stalks”),³⁷ and Abū Zubālah (“Father of Garbage”), Abū Baʿbūṣ (“Father of a Poke in the Ass”) and Abū Nāmūs (“Father of Mosquitoes”), Abū Libdah (“Father of a Felt Cap”) and Abū Ghuddah (“Father of a Gland”), Abū Zuʿayṭ and Abū Muʿayṭ, Abū Burayṭaʿ³⁸ and Abū Zuʿayzaʿ (“Father of a Little Sugarcane Spike”), Abū Tuʿaytaʿ³⁹ and Abū Shuʿayshaʿ (“Father of a Little Pigeon Perch”),⁴⁰ Abū Ṣābir (“Father of a Donkey”),⁴¹ Abū Khanāfir,⁴² Abū Huwayr (“Father of a Little Yoke Rope”), Abū Ṭarṭar,⁴³ Abū ʿAwkal, and Abū Ḥawkal, Abū Habūl⁴⁴ and Abū ʿAsqūl (“Father of a Heel Tendon”), Abū Rabābah (“Father of a Rebab”) and Abū Zughābah,⁴⁵ Abū Ṭurayf and Abū Quḥayf (“Father of a Little Peasant Hat”), Abū ʿUraysh⁴⁶ and Abū Kuraysh (“Father of a Little Belly”), Abū Fatīshah⁴⁷ and Abū Dashīshah (“Father of Coarse Porridge”), Abū Qazaq (“Father of a Trolley”), Abū Qallūṭ (“Father of a Large Turd”), Abū Jaḥlāṭ and Abū Jīṣ (“Father of a Loud Fart”), Abū Kānūn (“Father of a Brazier”), Abū Muqallad⁴⁸ and Abū Jaʿbāẓ.

١٥،٢2.15

(ويُلَقَّبوا) عِمْران القَلْط * وعُمَيْر الضَرْط * وعنطوز الباب * وشلاطه محلاب * ومحمّد القلّاب * وكُسْبُر العُقْله وبَرْبور الهَشْله ولهّاطة الزِبْله * ومشالي العجله * ونحو ذلك كثير لا غاية له

Their nicknames⁴⁹ are ʿImrān the Big Shitter (ʿImran al-Qalṭ), ʿUmayr the Fart (ʿUmayr al-Ḍarṭ), ʿAnṭūz⁵⁰ the Door (ʿAnṭūz al-Bab), Shallāṭāh Milk Crock (Shallāṭāh Miḥlāb), Muḥammad the Flap (Muḥammad al-Qallāb), Kusbur the Knuckle-Bone (Kusbur al-ʿUqlah), Porridge-Snot (Barbūr al-Hashlah), Shit-Gobbler (Laḥḥāṭat al-Ziblah), Mashālī⁵¹ the Dung Cakes (Mashālī al-Jillah) and many, many more.

١٦،٢2.16

(ويجيبوا السائل) بلفظ هاه وهيه وايشمالك واي مالك وايه هاه ممّا هو مشهور بينهم

When asked a question, they answer “hāh?” and “hīh?” and “Aysh mālak” or “Ay mālak” (“What’s up with you?”) and “ayh hāh?” and other expressions well known among them.

١٧،٢2.17

(وأمّا أسماء نسائهم) من معنى أسمائهم فيُسَمّوا زعره وبعره * وهيطله وميكله * وخطيطه وحويطه * ومعيكه وركيكه * وشَباره وزراره * وعلاره وعباره * وشلبايه وعطايه * وعليوه وحليوه * وهديه وبليه * ولبده وغده * وشمة وبلمه * وسروه وبلاوه * وفسيوه وخريوه * ولقد رأيت خريوه هذه وسألت والدها عن سبب تسميتها بهذا اللفظ فذكر لي أنّها كانت في صغرها كثيرة الخرا وأي نقرة وجدتها تخرا فيها فاشْتُقَّ لها هذا الاسم من هذا اللفظ

The names of their women are as bad as their own. They are called Zaʿrah (“Bobtail”) and Baʿrah (“Dung Pellet”), Hayṭalah and Maykalah, Khuṭayṭah (“Little Furrow”) and Ḥuwayṭah (“Little Wall”), Muʿaykah (“Little Rub”) and Rukaykah, Shabārah (“Nile Perch”) and Zarārah (“Gherkin”),⁵² ʿAlārah and ʿAbārah, Shilbāyah (“Catfish”) and ʿAṭāyah (“Gift”), ʿUlaywah (“Little Heap of Garbage”) and Ḥulaywah (“Little Sweetie”), Hadiyyah (“Present”) and Baliyyah (“Calamity”), Libdah (“Cap”) and Ghuddah (“Gland”), Shammah (“Sniff”) and Balmah (“Stupid”), Sarwah (“Cypress”) and Balāwah,⁵³ Fusaywah (“Little Silent Fart”) and Khuraywah (“Little Piece of Shit”). I actually saw this Khuraywah and asked her father why he had chosen that word for her name. He told me that, when she was a little girl, she was always shitting and would shit in any hole she came across, so he coined a name for her from that same word.

١٨،٢2.18

(ويُكَنّوا) أم جعيص وأم عميص * وأم شليح وأم رميح * وأم عـرّام وأم زوّام * وأم شـقيره وأم صـقيره * وأم شواهي وأم دواهي *

Their kunyahs are Umm Juʿayṣ⁵⁴ and Umm ʿUmayṣ,⁵⁵ Umm Shulayḥ⁵⁶ and Umm Rumayḥ (“Mother of a Little Lance”), Umm ʿArrām⁵⁷ and Umm Zawwām, Umm Shuqayrah (“Mother of a Little Blond Girl”) and Umm Ṣuqayrah (“Mother of a Little Hawk”), Umm Shawāhī (“Mother of Appetites”) and Umm Dawāhī (“Mother of Disasters”).

١٩،٢2.19

(ويُلَقَّبوا) بجِلّايه وكِرْسايه * وغاسوله * وفاره وفرفاره * وغاره وغايره * فهذه أسماء وألقاب وكُنًى وجودها كالعدم إنّما هي ألفاظ يضعوها مناسبة لذواتهم ليطابق الاسم المسمّى

Their nicknames are “Dung Cake” and “Dung Slab,” “Potash,” “Rat” and Farfārah,⁵⁸ “Raid” and “Sunken-Eye.”

These names, nicknames, and kunyahs are utterly without value. They are nothing but words that they make up to match their persons, so that the name fits its bearer.

٢٠،٢2.20

(وبعضهم إذا نادى لزوجته يقول لها) يا داهيه يا داهيه تقول له تجيلك من الحيط كما اتّفق أنّ رجلًا منهم دخل منـزله فرأى زوجته عند الجيران فناداها يا داهيه يا داهيه فقالت له تجيك من الحيط فقال لها تعالي اتعشّي فقالت له ابنك بيخرى كلْ انت وقال شخص منهم لزوجته يا قطيعه قالت له تجيك يا ابو عنطوز

When one of them calls to his wife, he says, “Calamity! Calamity!”⁵⁹ and she replies, “She’s a-coming to you from the wall!”⁶⁰ Thus it happened that a peasant entered his dwelling and found that his wife was at the neighbors’. “Calamity! Calamity!” he called to her. “She’s a-coming to you from the wall!” she answered. Then he said, “Come and have dinner!” to which she replied, “Your son’s taking a crap! Do eat!” Another said, “Drat!” to his wife, and she replied, “She’s a-coming to you, Abū ʿAnṭūz!”