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Главная Авторы Ann Sloan Devlin The Research Experience

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The Research Experience

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Страница 1 The Research Experience Страница 3 The Research Experience Страница 5Страница 6Страница 7 About the Author Introduction Chapter 1 Research, Biases in Thinking, and the Role of Theories Chapter highlights Why Research Matters The Research Process: Humans Make Predictions Heuristics and the Work of Kahneman and Tversky The Representativeness Heuristic in Research The Availability Heuristic in Research Humans Want to Confirm Hypotheses Try This Now 1.1 Revisit and Respond 1.1 Other Problems in Thinking Problems in Scientific Thinking: Theory Influences Observations Problems in Pseudoscientific Thinking: Scientific Language Does Not Make a Science Coincidence (Gambler’s Fallacy) and Representativeness (Base Rate) Try This Now 1.2 Logical Problems in Thinking: Hasty Generalization and Overreliance on Authorities Psychological Problems in Thinking: Problem-Solving Inadequacy Doing Science as Tradition and Innovation Revisit and Respond 1.2 Research and the Value of Common Sense Flexibility in Thinking Theories: What They Are and Why They Matter Try This Now 1.3 Ways in Which Theories May Differ: Scope and Parsimony Making a Connection Between a Theory and a Good Research Question Revisit and Respond 1.3 Summary Practice Quiz Build Your Skills Chapter 2 Generating and Shaping Ideas: Tradition and Innovation Chapter highlights Overview Sources of Ideas Ideas: The Student Sphere of Activity Common Student Research Themes Ideas: Academia and Media Theses, Research Groups, and Departmental Publications Conferences and Undergraduate Journals Media Wall Street Journal. Chronicle of Higher Education. Television. Revisit and Respond 2.1 Ideas: Information Services, aka the Library Ideas: Searching Effectively in the Library Library Holdings Reference Section: Encyclopedias and Handbooks Psychology and Other Social Sciences Try This Now 2.1 Revisit and Respond 2.2 Reference Materials: Style Guides and Thesauruses Online Reference Resources: Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Subject and Research Guides Electronic Resources and Keywords Keywords: The “Key” to Success Try This Now 2.2 PsycINFO Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms Other Techniques in Searching: Truncation and Times Cited Other Databases and Indexes in the Social Sciences General Databases The Web and Peer Review Particular Kinds of Articles Review Articles Meta-Analyses: Their Special Value How Journals Differ: Issues Related to Quality Try This Now 2.3 Open Access and Predatory Publishers Publication Practices of Journals Significance Levels Reviewer Selection Intellectual Contribution of the Article Editorial Policy Specialized Journals File Drawer Phenomenon Journal Articles Versus Book Chapters Revisit and Respond 2.3 Physically Obtaining an Article: A Closer Look at Databases PsycINFO Versus PsycARTICLES Revisit and Respond 2.4 Summary of the Article Locator Search Process Interlibrary Loan (ILL) Systems and World Catalog (WorldCat) Try This Now 2.4 What to Do With Your Articles (Read More Than the Abstract!) The Introduction The Hypotheses The Method Section Participants Materials/Measures/Instruments Procedure The Results Section The Discussion Section: Conflicts and Gaps Revisit and Respond 2.5 Keeping Track: ILL, Mendeley, and RefWorks Try This Now 2.5 Confounding or Third Variables: Refining the Research Question and Closing the Research Gap Try This Now 2.6 Revisit and Respond 2.6 Time Pressure and Timelines Academic Fraud and Steps Toward Transparency Summary Practice Quiz Build Your Skills Descriptions of Images and Figures Chapter 3 Research Design Approaches and Issues: An Overview Chapter highlights Overview Research Quality Affects Research Answers What Research Can Tell You: The Continuum of Certainty Correlation Versus Causation Try This Now 3.1 Why Conduct Correlational Research? The Language of Correlation and Causation Correlational Research Approaches: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Hallmarks of True Experimental Approaches Try This Now 3.2 Differentiation of Independent and Dependent Variables Reframing a Research Idea Revisit and Respond 3.1 Type I Versus Type II Error Sources of Type I Error and Remedies Revisit and Respond 3.2 Type II Errors: Sample Size, Power, and Effect Size Revisit and Respond 3.3 Internal Validity History Maturation Testing Instrumentation Statistical Regression Differential Selection (Biased Selection of Subjects) Experimental Mortality Selection–Maturation Interaction Behavior of the Experimenter and Demand Characteristics Try This Now 3.3 Behavior of the Participant: Role Attitude Single- and Double-Blind Approaches to Research Cover Stories Pilot Tests and Manipulation Checks Summary of Additional Threats to Internal Validity Try This Now 3.4 Revisit and Respond 3.4 External Validity and Ecological Validity Revisit and Respond 3.5 Where Research Takes Place Laboratory Research Field Study Field Experiment Virtual Environments Survey Research Where Qualitative Research Takes Place Summary Practice Quiz Build Your Skills Descriptions of Images and Figures {buyButton}

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