Читать книгу Angielski. Repetytorium leksykalne. Wersja mobilna - Anna Treger - Страница 14

Nowhere else, be it a jungle, savannah or tundra, can we see such a wide variety of plants displayed as in botanical gardens. Botanical gardens house many native and exotic species of plants from around the world. The plants are grouped into several thematic areas according to their botanical family, the country of origin or economic use. The thematic areas usually include Rose Garden, Water Garden, Japanese Garden, Palm Garden, and Subtropical and Jungle Garden. The leading role of botanical gardens is scientific research, conservation of rare and threatened species, and education to increase the knowledge of plant diversity. To reduce the possibility of endangered species becoming extinct, botanical gardens are propagating them to plant back into the wild.

The first botanical gardens were set up in ancient times in order to conduct broad studies of plants, especially herbs. Most of the medieval botanical gardens were largely herb gardens that contained plants used for medicinal purposes (e.g. sage, camomile and rosemary) and for flavouring food (e.g. thyme, parsley, dill, fennel and marjoram). One of the oldest botanical gardens was the one established by the Greeks in Alexandria, which gathered plants from the whole Mediterranean region. Contemporary botanical gardens are not only centres for botanical research and education but also oases of silence and tranquility with several-hectar of horticultural display. Tender and exotic plants are cultivated in glasshouses (or greenhouses) and palm houses which create conditions similar to tropical regions such as temperature, humidity and light.

At present there are about two thousand institutions worldwide that can be considered botanical gardens. Through their efforts and care an estimated 10 thousand species of plants have been saved from extinction.

 Flowers and ornamental plants – Kwiaty i rośliny ozdobne

aster – aster

begonia – begonia

bluebell – dzwonek

cactus – kaktus

carnation – goździk

chaber – chaber

chrysanthemum – chryzantema

crocus – krokus

daffodil – żonkil

dahlia – dalia

daisy – stokrotka

forget-me-not – niezapominajka

freesia – frezja

gardenia – gardenia

gerbera – gerbera

hollyhock – malwa

hyacinth – hiacynt

iris – irys

lily – lilia

lily of the valley – konwalia

marigold – nagietek

narcissus – narcyz

orchid – orchidea

pansy – bratek

poppy – mak

primrose – pierwiosnek

rose – róża

snapdragon – lwia paszcza

snowdrop – przebiśnieg

tulip – tulipan

violet – fiołek

 Trees – Drzewa

alder – olsza

ash – jesion

beech – buk

birch – brzoza

cedar – cedr

chestnut tree – kasztan

cypress – cyprys

elm – wiąz

fir – jodła

larch – modrzew

lime – lipa

maple – klon

oak – dąb

pine – sosna

poplar – topola

rowan – jarzębina

stone pine – limba

spruce – świerk

willow – wierzba

yew – cis

 Bushes/Shrubs – Krzewy

aspberry bush – malina

bramble – jeżyna

broom – żarnowiec

currant – porzeczka

dogwood – dereń

elderberry – czarny bez

forsythia – forsycja

gooseberry bush – agrest

grapevine – winorośl

hawthorn – głóg

hazel – leszczczyna

heather – wrzos

ivy – bluszcz

jasmine – jaśmin

lavender – lawenda

lilac – bez

oleander – oleander

rosemary – rozmaryn

 Other plants – Inne rośliny

barley – jęczmień

broad bean – bób

buckwheat – gryka

camomile – rumianek

clover – koniczyna

fern – paproć

grass – trawa

maize – kukurydza

millet – proso

mistletoe – jemioła

oats – owies

rape/oilseed rape – rzepak

rice – ryż

rye – żyto

sunflower – słonecznik

thistle – oset

weed – chwast

wheat – pszenica

 Useful expressions – Użyteczne wyrażenia

to be in full bloom/blossom – kwitnąć

to be in leaf – pokryty liśćmi

to come into bloom – zakwitać

to come into leaf – puszczać liście

to cultivate – uprawiać

to mow – kosić

to pick flowers – zbierać kwiaty

to plant – sadzić

to pollinate – zapylać

to propagate – rozmnażać (o roślinach)

to scarify – spulchniać

to cut down – ścinać

to fertilise – nawozić

to fructify/fruit – owocować

to graft – szczepić

to grow – rosnąć

to sow – siać

to tend – pielęgnować

to transplant – przesadzać

to trim/prune – przycinać, przystrzygać

to water – nawadniać, podlewać

to weed – pielić