Читать книгу Latin for Beginners - BENJAMIN L. D’OOGE - Страница 41

SECOND DECLENSION (Continued)

[Special Vocabulary]

NOUNS

«amīcus, -ī», m., friend (amicable) «Germānia, -ae», f., Germany «patria, -ae», f., fatherland «populus, -ī», m., people «Rhēnus, -ī», m., the Rhine «vīcus, -ī», m., village

«79.» We have been freely using feminine adjectives, like «bona», in agreement with feminine nouns of the first declension and declined like them. Masculine adjectives of this class are declined like «dominus», and neuters like pīlum. The adjective and noun, masculine and neuter, are therefore declined as follows:

MASCULINE NOUN AND ADJECTIVE NEUTER NOUN AND ADJECTIVE

«dominus bonus», the good master «pīlum bonum», the good spear BASES domin- bon- BASES pīl- bon-

TERMINATIONS TERMINATIONS

SINGULAR

Nom. do´minus bonus -us pīlum bonum -um Gen. dominī bonī -ī pīlī bonī -ī Dat. dominō bonō -ō pīlō bonō -ō Acc. dominum bonum -um pīlum bonum -um Abl. dominō bonō -ō pīlō bonō -ō Voc. domine bone -e pīlum bonum -um

PLURAL

Nom. dominī bonī -ī īla bona -a Gen. dominō´rum bonō´rum -ōrum īlō´rum bonō´rum -ōrum Dat. dominīs bonīs -is īlīs bonīs -īs Acc. dominōs bonōs -ōs īla bona -a Abl. dominīs bonīs -īs īlīs bonīs -īs

Decline together «bellum longum», «equus parvus», «servus malus», «mūrus altus», «frūmentum novum».

«80.» Observe the sentences

«Lesbia ancilla est bona»,

Lesbia, the maidservant, is good «Fīlia Lesbiae ancillae est bona», the daughter of Lesbia, the maidservant, is good «Servus Lesbiam ancillam amat», the slave loves Lesbia, the maidservant

In these sentences «ancilla», «ancillae», and «ancillam» denote the class of persons to which Lesbia belongs and explain who she is. Nouns so related that the second is only another name for the first and explains it are said to be in apposition, and are always in the same case.

«81.» RULE. «Apposition.» An appositive agrees in case with the noun which it explains.