Читать книгу Latin for Beginners - BENJAMIN L. D’OOGE - Страница 43

[Special Vocabulary]

NOUNS

«arma, armōrum», n., plur., arms, especially defensive weapons «fāma, -ae», f., rumor; reputation, fame «galea, -ae», f., helmet «praeda, -ae», f., booty, spoils (predatory) «tēlum, -ī», n., weapon of offense, spear

ADJECTIVES

«dūrus, -a, -um», hard, rough; unfeeling, cruel; severe, toilsome (durable) «Rōmānus, -a, -um», Roman. As a noun, «Rōmānus, -ī», m., a Roman

«83.» Adjectives of the first and second declensions are declined in the three genders as follows:

MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER

SINGULAR

Nom. bonus bona bonum Gen. bonī bonae bonī Dat. bonō bonae bonō Acc. bonum bonam bonum Abl. bonō bonā bonō Voc. bone bona bonum

PLURAL

Nom. bonī bonae bona Gen. bonōrum bonārum bonōrum Dat. bonīs bonīs bonīs Acc. bonōs bonās bona Abl. bonīs bonīs bonīs

a. Write the declension and give it orally across the page, thus giving the three genders for each case.

b. Decline «grātus, -a, -um»; «malus, -a, -um»; «altus, -a, -um»; «parvus, -a, -um».

«84.» Thus far the adjectives have had the same terminations as the nouns. However, the agreement between the adjective and its noun does not mean that they must have the same termination. If the adjective and the noun belong to different declensions, the terminations will, in many cases, not be the same. For example, «nauta», sailor, is masculine and belongs to the first declension. The masculine form of the adjective «bonus» is of the second declension. Consequently, a good sailor is «nauta bonus». So, the wicked farmer is «agricola malus». Learn the following declensions:

«85.» «nauta bonus» (bases naut- bon-), m., the good sailor

SINGULAR

Nom. nauta bonus Gen. nautae bonī Dat. nautae bonō Acc. nautam bonum Abl. nautā bonō Voc. nauta bone

PLURAL

Nom. nautae bonī Gen. nautārum bonōrum Dat. nautīs bonīs Acc. nautās bonōs Abl. nautīs bonīs Voc. nautae bonī