Читать книгу 3D Printing of Foods - C. Anandharamakrishnan - Страница 13

Although 3D printing received a wide attention in recent years, the technology dated back to several decades. Printing technology that uses two laser beams to fabricate the 3D objects was patented by Wyn Swainson of Denmark in the 1970s (Bechtold 2016). Later in the 1980s, another patent on 3D printing was filed by Dr. Hideo Kodama of Japan. However, this patent got rejected as the deadline for filing was passed out. After that, the next patent was awarded to Charles Chuck Hull in 1986 for his efforts in developing a stereolithography (SLA) apparatus (Beltagui et al. 2020). Hull co‐founded 3D Systems, one of the leading companies in the 3D industry. Later the company introduces the first commercialized 3D printer based on SLA in 1988. Further, they have developed a new file format that was specific to 3D printing technology named STL that was understandable to 3D printers which aid in the printing of 3D objects. While in 1988 DTM Inc., developed the first 3D printer based on selective laser sintering (SLS) technique (Saptarshi and Zhou 2019). Another 3D printing technology named fused deposition modelling (FDM) which was the most commonly adopted 3D printing technique was developed by Scott and Lisa Crump in the 1980s. They received a patent on this FDM technology and co‐founded Stratasys, another major player among the 3D industries (Su and Al’Aref 2018).

During the 1990s with the advancements of technology researchers of Stanford and Mellon proposed several other 3D techniques applied for micro‐level casting and spraying of materials. In 1993, MIT filed a patent on inkjet technology that employs liquid‐based ink for the construction of 3D objects commonly used in inkjet printers (Prasad and Smyth 2016). Later this technique was transferred and licensed to Z corporation for the development and marketing of 3D printers. Apart from materials manufacturing at the industrial level, 3D printing allows to produce consumer end products. In 2005, the RepRap project (3D printing open‐source project) was started by Adrian Bowyer at the University of Bath for the development of 3D printers at a low cost that could be affordable to the consumers (Bechtold 2016).