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1.4.2 Middle Age

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Around the 1990s, 3D printing received a vast attention due to its advantageous features that drive researchers of different universities to start working on this emerging area. In the 1990s, EOS GmbH developed a ‘stereos’ system, the first commercial industrial 3D printer (Calignano et al. 2019). Then Stratasys filed a patent on FDM technology that leads to the development of domestic 3D printers. In the late 1990s, new technologies were introduced by many aspiring 3D printing companies such as dot‐on‐dot printing techniques that use polymer jet for the fabrication of 3D objects. One such technique is MIT’s inkjet printing that uses polymer solution in a drop‐on‐demand (DoD) manner (Prasad and Smyth 2016). Similarly, the Fraunhofer Institute of Germany introduced selective laser melting (SLM) in 1995 which employs laser light as a curing medium. Meanwhile, the Z corporation worked in collaboration with MIT for the development and production of FDM printers on a commercial scale. Another advancement of printing technology that made its application in the biological field is in regenerative medicine that supports the growth of human organs as the Wake Forest Institute made a successful attempt in the development of tissue scaffolds (Su and Al’Aref 2018). This medieval period remains to be a golden age that promoted various advancements in 3D technologies and 3D printers.

3D Printing of Foods

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