Читать книгу The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics - Carol A. Chapelle - Страница 242

To understand how interpreters undertake simultaneous interpretation, we have to call upon the languages involved but also upon their input and output mechanisms (Grosjean, 1997). Interpreters have to be in a bilingual mode where both languages are active. However, one language is not more active than the other as is normally the case in the bilingual mode. Here both the source language (the language being heard) and the target language (the language being spoken) are active to the same extent as both are needed, for perception and production respectively. This is relatively rare in normal bilingual communication. This said, the processing mechanisms differ according to the level of activation. The input mechanisms of both the source and the target language are active. The reason for the activation of the source mechanism is clear but why that of the target language? There are at least three reasons. Interpreters must be able to monitor their overt speech, the clients' occasional use of the target language must be processed, and the cues of fellow interpreters must be heard. As for the output mechanisms, only that of the target language is active; the source language's mechanism is not. The reason here is straightforward: Only one language has to be output—the target language.