Читать книгу The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics - Carol A. Chapelle - Страница 246

Early attempts to control for language mode used two approaches, both of them inappropriate. The first was to put the participants in a “language set” (called by some a “language mode”) by giving them instructions in one language, getting them to carry out preliminary tasks in that language, occasionally presenting reminders in that language, and so forth. What this does is activate a particular base language (the variable depicted on the vertical axis in Figure 1), but it does not guarantee a particular position on the monolingual‐bilingual‐mode continuum. A second inappropriate approach, which has been used a lot with bilingual children, second language learners, and aphasic or demented patients, has been to hide the experimenter's or interviewer's bilingualism. This is a very dangerous strategy as subtle cues such as facial expression and body language can give away the interlocutor's comprehension of the other language. In addition, it will not prevent occasional slipups such as responding in the “wrong” language or showing in one's response that what has been said in that language has been understood. All this will simply move the participant into a bilingual mode and, once again, make language mode a confounding variable. (For a discussion of approaches to use to put participants in a monolingual mode as much as possible, see Grosjean, 2008.)