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The PDCA framework, synonymous with the Plan–Do–Study–Act framework, is frequently applied to develop and test a quality improvement idea. In the Plan phase, a plan is developed to see if a process change idea will yield a desired improvement. This phase includes developing a problem statement and identifying data to collect to evaluate the change. During the Do phase, the change is implemented as specified in the plan, usually on a small scale. The Check phase evaluates the change using data collected in the Do phase. Finally, in the Act phase, a change that demonstrates significant improvement is deployed as appropriate throughout the organization. If the change does not produce the desired effects, it may be modified and retested or discarded.

As an example, nurses in a hospital wanted to reduce the severity of injuries associated with patient falls. They initiated a PDCA cycle to experiment with fall mats placed next to a patient's bed. They developed a plan to acquire and test the fall mats on a single unit. This change reduced the severity of injuries associated with falls and was adopted on a hospital‐wide basis. PDCA initiatives are often conducted sequentially devising, testing, and deploying a series of process changes.