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Synthesis of Motivation Theories

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What all of the theories on motivation suggest is that student perceptions affect their willingness to learn. If they feel they are helpless, then motivation is decreased, whereas if they are confident, they are more likely to be willing to try. If they believe they are controlled, motivation is decreased, whereas if they feel autonomy, they are more motivated for learning. Finally, if students feel bored, they are unmotivated, whereas if they are interested in the content or the process of learning, they are more likely to be motivated for learning. Pugh (2019) has a useful overview of some of the big ideas for motivation, and we have summarized the ideas we find most salient for student engagement in Table 2.4.

Student Engagement Techniques

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