Читать книгу Sustainable Food Packaging Technology - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Classification of biopolymers widely used in packaging.Figure 1.2 Commercial food packaging articles made of polylactide (PLA): (a)...Figure 1.3 Biodegradable food tray made of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) obt...Figure 1.4 Schematic flow diagram of the production of bio‐based polyethylen...Figure 1.5 Image of the PlantBottle™ made up to 30% from biomass and 100% re...Figure 1.6 Biodegradable packaging articles based on starch.Figure 1.7 Cellulose derivatives categorized based on their pH‐responsive be...Figure 1.8 Scheme of the gelatin manufacturing from denaturation of collagen...Figure 1.9 A zein film obtained from corn.

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Fishery production, wastage, and possible solutions.

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Edible film and coating manufacturing.Figure 3.2 Sodium alginate manufacturing process.Figure 3.3 Carrageenan manufacturing process.Figure 3.4 Time‐lapse of the effect of silk fibroin edible coating on strawb...Figure 3.5 (a) Time‐lapse photography of silk fibroin coating effect on bana...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Structural formula of PLA.Figure 4.2 Synthesis of PLA from L‐ and D‐lactic acids.Figure 4.3 Properties required for packaging material.Figure 4.4 Hemp/PLA Co‐wrapped hybrid yarn.Figure 4.5 Mechanism of enhancement in the interface of ramie and PLA by usi...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 General properties required for properties of packaging materials...Figure 5.2 Classifications of biopolymers.Figure 5.3 Chemical structure of (a) amylose and (b) amylopectin.

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 World plastic production 2004–2017.Figure 6.2 Distribution of plastics demand by segments.Figure 6.3 Degradation time of selected fuel‐based plastics.Figure 6.4 Classification of bio‐based, biodegradable polymers based on thei...Figure 6.5 Schematic representation of a transversal section of the outer pa...Figure 6.6 Chemical structure of the reference fatty hydroxyesters used.Figure 6.7 (bottom) Transmission IR spectra of reference polyhydroxyesters o...Figure 6.8 Solid‐state ¹³C NMR of reference polyhydroxyesters prepared in ai...Figure 6.9 (top) TGA and (bottom) TGA‐derivative profiles of the reference p...Figure 6.10 Tensile stress‐train curves of the reference polyhydroxyesters p...Figure 6.11 (a) ATR‐FTIR quantification of the amount of oxidized species at...Figure 6.12 ATR‐FTIR spectra of the air‐exposed and air‐preserved sides of p...Figure 6.13 Visual aspect of poly triHPA prepared in air at variable time an...Figure 6.14 Total transmittance curves of poly triHPA prepared under oxidati...Figure 6.15 (a) Specular ATR‐FTIR spectra of polyaleuritate films on stainle...Figure 6.16 (a) Specular ATR–FTIR ν(C=O) band fitting pattern for polya...Figure 6.17 Photographs of the samples of the plant‐cuticle film composites ...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 (a) Zein powder extracted from corn. (b) Complete structure of Z1...Figure 7.2 Biodegradable films produced from different proteins and their bl...Figure 7.3 (a) The steps of the blown extrusion technique including (1) zein...Figure 7.4 (a) Ternary phase diagram for the solubility of zein in ethanol a...Figure 7.5 Different types of zein films solvent cast from DMSO and their sh...Figure 7.6 Photographs of zein‐glass microfluidic devices with complex fluid...Figure 7.7 The solid‐state ¹³C‐CP‐MAS‐NMR spectra of zeins (Z1) obtained by ...Figure 7.8 (a) TEM micrograph showing protein in corn gluten meal/starch ext...Figure 7.9 Rheological properties of powdery zein plasticized with 20 wt% gl...Figure 7.10 (a) SEM micrograph of the corn–zein‐coated PP film for thickness...Figure 7.11 Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TPAFM) images of zein/F127...Figure 7.12 (a) Confocal light scanning microscopy images of different parts...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 General structure of PHAs.Figure 8.2 Optical micrographs of PHB spherulites showing cracks and fissure...Figure 8.3 Schematic representation of the three‐phase model and the “contin...Figure 8.4 Mechanism of thermal degradation of PHAs by cis‐elimination. The ...Figure 8.5 Schematic representation of the structure of lignocellulosic fibe...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Process parameters (zone temperatures from Z1 to Z8) in relation ...Figure 9.2 Cross‐sections of the semifinished products obtained from extrusi...Figure 9.3 The effect of cellulose microfiber content on Young's modulus.Figure 9.4 (a) Poly‐Paper pellets and (b) Poly‐Paper filled mold.Figure 9.5 Starting slabs (a) and result thermoformed Poly‐Paper (b) [27]....Figure 9.6 Poly‐Paper 3D printed samples, flat printed and shaped via heat t...Figure 9.7 Shortening (%) vs. time (days) of different formulations of Poly‐...Figure 9.8 Adhesive determination of Poly‐Paper samples to wood and cardboar...Figure 9.9 Water dissolution kinetics of Poly‐Paper in three different formu...Figure 9.10 Preliminary test on Poly‐Paper, Aticelca test method mc 501: 201...Figure 9.11 Preliminary results of Aticelca test on Poly‐Paper, test method ...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Stereo‐micrograph of untreated and treated cardboard with polyme...Figure 10.2 SEM images of (a) an untreated cellulosic sheet (35‐μm thickness...Figure 10.3 XPS analysis of untreated and treated cardboard (a) untreated, (...Figure 10.4 FTIR spectra of untreated cardboard, polymer 1 (capstone) treate...Figure 10.5 Water drop deposited onto the (a) untreated and fluorinated caps...Figure 10.6 Water drop deposited onto the internal part of untreated and tre...Figure 10.7 Image taken after complete dipping of the ECA (5 wt%) treated ca...Figure 10.8 Water contact angle (WCA) of cardboard 1 (cardboard weight 800–9...Figure 10.9 Oil contact angle (OCA) of cardboard 1 (cardboard weight 800–900...Figure 10.10 Water contact angle (WCA) of cardboard 2 (weight 200–500 g/m²) ...Figure 10.11 Water contact angle (WCA) of cardboard 2 (weight 200–500 g/m²) ...Figure 10.12 Moisture content for cardboard 1 (cardboard weight 800–900 g/m² Figure 10.13 Moisture content for cardboard 2 (cardboard weight 200–500 g/m² Figure 10.14 Mechanical properties of cardboard 1 (cardboard weight 800–900 ...Figure 10.15 Mechanical properties of cardboard 2 (cardboard weight 200–500 ...Figure 10.16 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of (a, b) untreated...Figure 10.17 Water and oil droplets remaining trace onto the surface and ben...Figure 10.18 Water and oil resistance tests of treated paper. (a, b) Water a...

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Various processing routes for the production of NC‐based multidi...Figure 11.2 Various types of NC isolated from wood and bacterial culture. Ac...Figure 11.3 Gas permeability representation of NC‐based films. Tighter netwo...

12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Circular economy idea of developing active food packaging from n...

13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 External and internal factors and sensory manifestations of food...Figure 14.2 Overview of the different sensing portable technologies for on‐s...Figure 14.3 Colorimetric response to a pH range of 2–14 of (a) anthocyanin i...Figure 14.4 Application of the anthocyanin treated polyvinyl alcohol/cellulo...Figure 14.5 (a) Absorption spectra and photographs of paper films impregnate...

14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Schematic representation of a liquid food product (milk) packagi...Figure 15.2 (a) Fresh‐cut apples packed in whey protein isolate film and (b)...Figure 15.3 Naturally occurring biopolymers that can be used in the design, ...Figure 15.4 (a) Four different classes of bacteria colonization of PG‐coated...Figure 15.5 Barrier properties of whey‐based layer compared to other plastic...Figure 15.6 Scanning electron microscopy images of surface morphology of the...Figure 15.7 (a) Oxygen transmission rates (OTR) values of CZNC–PP films (in ...Figure 15.8 Soil burial weight loss (WL) curves of 30 wt% glycerol plasticiz...Figure 15.9 Schematic illustration of the mechanism for one‐way water barrie...Figure 15.10 3D AFM images of (a) (PLA), (b) (FG), and (c) multilayer films....Figure 15.11 (a) Schematic of the LBL deposition process and a simplified im...Figure 15.12 (a) Layer‐by‐layer coating manufacturing process.. (b) Micr...Figure 15.13 Visual analysis of (a) tomato and (b) apple chunks packed in a ...Figure 15.14 (a) Film blowing process of co‐extruded layers of PHBV and PBAT...