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Self‐assembly of DNA is one of the most popular techniques used to create a variety of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional structures. The DNA origami is an excellent example of self‐assembly of DNA, which was introduced by Rothemund [14]. The procedure of DNA origami is shown in Figure 2.8. DNA origami is generated from a thousand base pair long ssDNA, known as a scaffold. Some shorter and linear ssDNA called staples are mixed with the scaffold to create DNA origami. For this purpose, the solution mixture is first heated to 95 °C. The solution is then cooled down to room temperature from 95 °C; throughout the cooling, the staples bind to the scaffold through Watson–Crick complementary base pairing. The scaffold then becomes a static structure or pattern of DNA. The sequence of DNA staples results in the formation of various shapes, for example, squares, smiley faces, cube, hexagon, star, and many more.

Figure 2.8 DNA origami is a group of linked dsDNA. The structure consists of one scaffold and many staple strands that are complementary to one or two domains on the scaffold.

Based on the structure or pattern of the DNA origami, it has multiple applications in different fields of biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, and materials science. Broad application of DNA origami can be seen as in molecular robotics [15,16], DNA walkers [17], protein function [18,19] and structure determination [20,21], single‐molecule force spectroscopy [22,23], nanopore construction [24–26], drug delivery [27,28], nucleic acid analysis [29–31], enzymatic nanostructure formations [32,33], and many more.