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DNA carries all the genetic information such as the color of eyes and hairs in the form of A, T, G, and C, which is transferred from one generation to another. Inspired by this, the researchers are now looking at the capabilities of the DNA to store the data. Today we are dealing with a large amount of data that is increasing day by day. DNA appears to be the right choice as an alternative for storing the information. In DNA‐based data storage, first, the digital information present in the form of bits is encoded in DNA. This encoded information is then processed and decoded back to original binary data.

Church et al. [34] performed an experiment for storing 5.27 MB data generated from his book (contains 53 426 words, 11 images, and 1 JavaScript program) on the DNA. A simple encoding of one bit to one base is used to represent the data on the DNA. The result of this experiment clearly showed that DNA is a good material for storing digital information in addition to other storage media. Goldman et al. [35] stored over five million bits of digital information of the DNA that is later retrieved and reproduced the information with an accuracy between 99.99% and 100%.

Researchers are now looking for high data storage with high accuracy in recovery. Blawat et al. [36] stored and recovered 22 MB of a MPEG compressed movie from DNA with zero errors. Erlich and Zielinski [37] reported another encoding method that can store the 215 petabytes digital data in one gram of DNA. Recently, Organick et al. [38] demonstrated approximately 220 MB digital data storage with random access on the DNA with successful retrieval from it. In 2019, researchers from Microsoft and the University of Washington have demonstrated a fully automated system to encode and decode data in DNA [39].