Читать книгу DNA- and RNA-Based Computing Systems - Группа авторов - Страница 40

Majority of the DNA logic gates, however, explore only two to five layers of integration, which faces significant signal reduction as the signal propagates along the chain of communicating gates. At least partially, this problem can be mitigated by localizing logic gates in a specific order and at precise positions on a DNA tile for efficient communication as it is used in electronic processors. An energy input is required to “push” the signal through the DNA association, an approach that has not been realized yet. Alternatively, parallel computation using multiple small‐scale integrated circuits can be explored. While all the technical problems can be eventually addressed given the appropriate time and effort, the future of molecular computation depends on the practical usability of DNA computers. Indeed, it becomes clear that computers based on hybridization of DNA strands cannot compete with electronic devices in terms of the processing speed due to much slower rates of DNA hybridization than electron transfer in semiconductor materials. Instead, biocompatible and biodegradable DNA‐based logic constructs can be used for manipulating biological molecules and objects (cells), which can eventually find applications in addressing biological and biomedical problems.