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1.6.3 Thermal Analysis

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To examine lipid and lipid carriers’ “thermal behavior,” a thermal gravimetrical analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are used. Melting point, crystallinity, and endothermal and exothermal characteristics of the sample are the main data generated by thermal analysis [109]. This technique involves samples being analyzed in unusual atmospheres consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon warmed at a controlled heating rate. The thermal analysis can be easily predicted for phase transition, crystallization, and lipid sample amorphication by the enthalpy or entropy of the carrier system/sample, which involves change in free energy in phase transition during thermal analysis [109, 110].

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