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2.2.2 Micellar Systems

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History of micelles can be traced back to early 1990s [46]. Micelles consist of a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell. The core contains the poorly water-soluble drugs, and the shell protects the core against the aqueous surroundings and protects the micelles from recognition in vivo by the reticuloendothelial system. The micelles can be formulated using either surfactants or polymers [47, 48]. Polymeric micelles exhibit higher stability and solubilization capacity and can be formulated at a lower critical micellar concentration (CMC) when compared to surfactant-based micelles [49]. Moreover, surface of polymers can be engineered through addition of ligands or pH-sensitive moieties for active targeting [47]. For targeting of deep seated tumor, polymeric micelles are a suitable carrier of choice as they can be administered by parenteral route and are biodegradable and exhibit small particle size, high loading capacity, prolonged circulation time, and higher accumulation at tumor site. Kabanov et al. reported enhancement of neuroleptic property of haloperidol when it was formulated in surfactant-based micellar system [50]. Improved cellular uptake and pharmacokinetics of methotrexate was observed when administered in PLGA-soy lecithin micelles [51]. Raza et al. formulated phospholipid-based mixed micelles of tamoxifen for the topical application and reported significantly better controlled release of tamoxifen from mixed micelles over conventional gel system [52].

Nanopharmaceutical Advanced Delivery Systems

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