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Lipid nanoacrriers have been extensively used in gene therapy. Nucleic acid-based therapeutics include siRNA, miRNA, plasmid DNA, oligodeoxynucleotides, and non-viral vectors. These are highly sensible and degradable, which need a carrier system that can provide good loading capabilities and impart targeting to the cells. Lipid carrier systems are the appropriate carrier system to deliver the nucleic acid-based therapeutics in the treatment of disease at the molecular level. Therefore, researchers have attempted to encapsulate nucleic acid into lipid carriers and targeted them to the diseased site.

In a recent study carried out by Yu et al. (2019), it was demonstrated that paclitaxel and siRNA delivered by separate liposomes exhibit less advantages over the combination of paclitaxel and siRNA using AS1411 functional liposomes, which actively enhances the number of apoptotic cells and decreases angiogenesis [138].

There are several commercial products available in the market such as Lipofectine and Lipofect AMINE, which are the liposomal drug delivery system used for nucleic acid delivery through lipid nanocarriers [139].

Table 1.4 List of the drug as lipid nanocarriers under clinical investigation.

Drug	Company	Disease	References
ND-L02-s0201	Nitto Denko Corporation	Fibrosis	[140]
ALN-VSP02	Alnylam Pharmaceuticals	Solid tumors	[141]
ALN-TTR02	Amyloidosis	[142]
ALN-PCS02	Hypercholesterolemia	[143]
DCR-MYC	Dicerna Pharmaceuticals	Multiple Myeloma	[144]
ARB-001467	Arbutus Biopharma	Hepatitis B	[145]
TKM-100201	Tekmira Pharmaceuticals	Ebola Virus Infection	[146]
siRNA-EphA2-DOPC	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center	Advanced cancers	[147]

Similarly, few other examples of the nucleic acid delivery through lipid carriers that are under clinical investigation are given in Table 1.4.