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Silicon (Si)-based solar cells dominate the PV showcase (92%) trailed by cadmium-telluride (CdTe, 5%), copper indium gallium selenide (CuInGaSe₂ or CIGS, 2%), and amorphous silicon (a-Si:H,~1%). Si wafer with a thickness of around 180 μm is the customary material being utilized for module assembling and it has achieved a critical degree of development at the business level. Its creation cost is a significant worry for vitality applications. About half of the expense of Si-solar cells creation as Si substrate and gadget preparing and module handling represents 20% and 30% individually [1]. Figure 2.1 shows a typical solar cell, whereas Figure 2.2 shows the efficiencies in the record of the deposition of CIGS on different available substrates. It can be observed that the Polyimide (PI) has the highest efficiency with 20.4%.

Another option next to Si solar-based cells is the slender film solar-powered cells manufactured on glass substrates. The primary negative aspects of utilizing glass substrates are the delicate nature of modules, the cost of glass wafer (300-400μm), and low explicit force (kW/kg), and so forth. Explicit force is a significant factor when sunlight-based cells are utilized in space applications. A high explicit force surpassing 2 kW/kg can be accomplished [4] by adaptable sunlight-based cells on polymer films, which is helpful for earthly as well as space applications. Creation cost can be brought down by utilizing adaptable substrates and roll to roll creation (R2R) system. Besides lightweight, adaptability, and less expense of establishing, adaptable cell preparation also includes a low warm spending plan with low material utilization. Other than sun-based cell applications, lesser specific applications are starting to turn out to be progressively feasible autonomous markets, including applications for versatile force and building or item combination, which can profit enormously from adaptable slight film alternatives. Adaptable cells on structures (known as building incorporated photovoltaics or BIPV) can limit the expense of help, shipments, and so on, and establishments can be taken care of without any problem. Be that as it may, adaptable solar cell innovation is less developed when contrasted with the cells created on unbending substrate partners. Because of four principle prerequisites – high effectiveness, minimal effort creation, high throughput, and high explicit force, a significant innovative work center has been moved towards adaptable/flexible PV cells [5].

Figure 2.1 A typical solar cell design [2].

Figure 2.2 Efficiencies of the different substrate when deposited with CIGS [3].