Читать книгу The SAGE Encyclopedia of Stem Cell Research - Группа авторов - Страница 137

Mesenchymal stem cells procured from human bone marrow (hBMSCs) have been studied broadly because of their comparatively easy collection and their differentiation potential to the adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages and cells, including cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, and neurons. Their self-renewal and multipotentiality has increased the potential use of this stem cell model as an intensified, self-renewing source in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. In particular, the osteogenic potential of hBMSCs has been explored in depth in the evaluation of basic scaffolding structures involved in bone tissue engineering.

In addition, the isolation strategy based on their adherence to the culture substrates constitutes a simple strategy for eliminating non-mesenchymal lineages thereby reducing the virtual dependency on serious and complex methods of cell isolation, which essentially rely on the expression of clearly defined surface markers. A limited number of studies have also reported successful extraction of BMSCs from human femoral bone marrow. Most of these investigations with the femoral heads have essentially focused on isolating primary osteoblastic cells by generating explant cultures of trabecular bone or directly trypsinizing the trabecular bone. Schütze and collaborators (2007) demonstrated that the multipotent mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow can be isolated by processing the trabecular bone in the femoral heads following repeated and thorough washings to release these cells from the bone plugs. Pineda et al. modulated the protocol for the isolation of mesenchymal characteristic possessing cell population. The process involved trabecular bone disaggregation by mechanical means, which would ultimately lead to the release of cells from the femoral bone marrow. Others have gone on to improve on this method of isolation with regard to the efficiency of isolation, which was mainly brought about by the surface culture area reduction at the start of the primary culture. Moreover, the authors could establish the potential of the cells for osteogenesis, as upon osteogenic induction, the cells could cause matrix mineralization. The induction also resulted in the upregulation of the osteogenic marker gene expression.