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Unlike the other Celtic languages, Manx, was mostly protected from outside influence due to the island’s isolation until approximately 1700. This changed over the course of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with the arrival of smuggling, an increase in migration and tourism, and the influence of the English school system (Broderick 2015: 355). During the nineteenth century, islanders began raising their children in English with the view that it would be more useful than Manx. Henry Jenner’s 1874 survey of the language showed that only 0.05 % of the population were Manx monoglots at the time but that 30 % still habitually spoke Manx (Jenner 1876). According to official census figures, in 1921 the percentage of the population who claimed to speak Manx was 1.52 % (Broderick 1991: 102).