Читать книгу Families & Change - Группа авторов - Страница 70

People generally anticipate that certain life circumstances, such as retirement, the death of an elderly family member, and the advent of grandparenthood, will occur as part of normal family transitions at expected times of the life course (Boss, 2002; Hennon et al., 2009; Hennon & Peterson, 2007). However, when normal events occur at unanticipated times, they can become sources of disruptive distress for parents. For example, during children’s school-age years, the death of a parent or the death of a child is an off-time event and often is very traumatic for surviving parents and other family members (Murray et al., 2010). In similar fashion, parents often experience considerable upheaval and stress when learning about their teenage daughter’s pregnancy, the stigma she may face, how becoming a parent prematurely will disrupt her life, and the assumption of grandparenthood earlier than a parent expected. The premature transition of a young daughter into parenting roles also places her at risk for problems due to inexperience, maternal depression, and considerable parental stress. High levels of maternal depression, anxiety and stress can reduce the responsiveness of young mothers to infants and may have negative consequences for the development of young children (Devereux et al., 2009; Huang et al., 2014).