Читать книгу Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion - Группа авторов - Страница 52

As previously mentioned, hydrogen has been identified as a potential alternative fuel source and a key energy carrier for the near future energy supply with a low CO₂ footprint. Hydrogen can be used directly to produce energy (fuel cells) or be easily transformed into other forms of energy for different end applications. Nevertheless, pure hydrogen is not abundant in the atmosphere. Its production is generally accomplished by steam reforming, coal gasification, or the partial oxidation of some heavy hydrocarbons. On the other hand, CO₂‐neutral processes are also studied and are based on reforming, pyrolyzing, and fermentation of biomass, but efficiencies are not good enough for decreasing time‐to‐market. H₂ produced from water is an efficient, green, and commercial technology, where the common techniques include solar thermochemical or photocatalytic water splitting and electrical water electrolysis. One advantage of such water electrolysis systems is the possibility to perform CO₂ electrolysis or H₂O/CO₂ co‐electrolysis to produce syngas [101] (H₂ and CO). The opportunity to conduct H₂O and CO₂ co‐electrolysis is a very interesting way for the production of clean synthetic fuels: power to gas and power to fuel technologies. Therefore, these technologies have been pointed out as promising alternatives to store energy from renewable intermittent energy sources.