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3.5.3 Other Applications 3.5.3.1 Methane Steam Reforming

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The feasibility of performing SMR using the proton‐conducting material BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O2.9 (BZCY72) was successfully examined at low temperatures (450–650 °C) under atmospheric pressure by M. Stoukides and coworkers [121]. The system exhibited strong dependence on gas concentration, temperature, and applied voltage, as well as excellent chemical stability.

In 2017, J.M. Serra, C. Kjølseth, and colleagues reported an outstanding breakthrough regarding the production of pure hydrogen from methane. A protonic membrane reformer (PMR) electrochemically driven capable of realizing four process steps simultaneously, achieving near‐zero energy loss (see Figure 3.8a). The reformer is made out of a dense proton‐conducting layer of BaZr0.8–x–y CexYyO3−δ (BZCY), sandwiched between two porous electrodes (BZCY and Ni) [122]. Figure 3.8b represents the PMR concept, where methane is reformed with steam (H2O) to produce hydrogen that is subsequently transported through the membrane and finally compressed as a consequence of the applied voltage. The study reported full methane conversion permeating 99% of the produced hydrogen at 800 °C. The permeated hydrogen was electrochemically compressed up to 50 bar.


Figure 3.8 (a) Representation of the four chemical steps. (b) Protonic membrane reformer.

Source: Malerød‐Fjeld et al. [122].


Figure 3.9 Co‐ionic catalytic membrane reactor.

Source: Morejudo et al. [125].

Engineering Solutions for CO2 Conversion

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