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There are situations when the perception of the “figure-background” becomes ambiguous, dual (Figure 1.3.2), such as when two objects that have common borders and are included in each other can be perceived as a figure, as well as a background. When viewing, usually at the very beginning, one of the elements is perceived as a figure, but soon it begins to appear as a background, especially when they are equal in size. A cross can be perceived as a figure with divergent rays; concentric circles become the background. But if you reorient yourself, the figure and the background will change places, the Flying Fish painting by the famous Dutch graphic artist Maurizio Escher becomes ambiguous [Escher, 1961].

Figure 1.3.2 Dual perception of background – figure combination.