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The Science of Health Disparities Research
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 7
Страница 8
List of Contributors
Страница 10
Страница 11
1 Definitions, Principles, and Concepts for Minority Health and Health Disparities Research
1.1 Introduction
1.2 NIMHD Mission
1.3 Definitions and Concepts of Minority Health and Health Disparities 1.3.1 Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations
1.3.2 Minority Health and Minority Health Research
1.3.3 Health Disparities and Health Disparities Research
1.3.4 Is It Minority Health or Health Disparities?
1.3.5 Standardized Measures of Minority Health‐ and Health Disparities‐Related Constructs
1.4 The NIMHD Research Framework: Health Determinants in Action
1.5 Inclusion of Diverse Participants in Clinical Research
1.6 Conclusions
1.7 Key Points
Disclaimer
References
Notes
2 Getting Under the SkinPathways and Processes that Link Social and Biological Determinants of Disease
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Allostasis and Allostatic Load
2.3 The HPA Axis
2.3.1 How We Feed: The Role of the Hypothalamus in Pathways Controlling Feeding and Nutrition
2.3.2 How We Sleep: Light–Day Cycle, Circadian Clock, and Hypothalamic Linkages to Metabolic Control and Sleep
2.3.3 How We Feel: Stress and the Role of HPA Axis in Memory and Mood
2.4 Anticipatory Biology and Behavior: The Embedding of Exposures Across the Life Course
2.4.1 Studies of Stress and Allostatic Load Across the Life Course
2.5 Sleep
2.5.1 Sleep Health Disparities and Allostatic Load
2.5.2 Sleep Health Disparities and Genetics
2.5.3 Methodologies in Sleep Research
2.6 How We Feed: Nutrition and Nutrition‐related Health Disparities
2.7 How We Feel: Mood and Depression
2.8 Summary
2.9 Key Points
Disclaimer
References
Note
3 Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Other Social Determinants
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Introduction to the Topic, Including Key Definitions
3.3 Used and Recommended Measures and Research Methods 3.3.1 Conceptual Model
3.3.2 US Census Definitions
3.3.3 Race Versus Ethnicity
3.4 How and Why this Topic is Important to Minority Health and Health Disparities Research 3.4.1 The Epidemiological Profile of Racial/Ethnic Minorities 3.4.1.1 Mortality/Morbidity
3.4.1.2 Life Expectancy
3.4.1.3 Socioeconomic Status
3.4.2 Other Social Determinants 3.4.2.1 Acculturation
3.4.2.2 Social and Physical Environments
3.5 Selected Examples of the State of the Science in the Field to Illustrate Best Practices 3.5.1 Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities Study
3.5.2 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
3.5.3 Pittsburgh Hill/Homewood Research on Neighborhoods and Health Study
3.6 Challenges and Future Opportunities 3.6.1 Biological Links to Social Determinants
3.7 Summary
3.8 Key Points
Disclaimer
References
4 Behavioral Determinants in Population Health and Health Disparities Research
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Importance of Behavioral Determinants to Minority Health and Health Disparities Research
4.3 Relevant Metrics and Research Methods 4.3.1 Relevant Metrics
4.3.2 Research Methods
4.4 State of the Science: Promising Practices
4.4.1
Salud America!
4.4.2 Health Technology—New Vital Signs
4.4.3 Health Technology—Smartphone Use
4.4.4 Underresearched Constituencies
4.4.5 Advancing the Cycle of Better Care, Better Health, Lower Costs
4.5 Challenges and Future Opportunities
4.6 Summary
4.7 Key Points
Disclaimer
References
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