Читать книгу Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement - Группа авторов - Страница 64

Growth factors are usually described as molecules with the ability to stimulate or enhance cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation; and consequently, capable of regulating a variety of cellular processes involved in development, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and wound healing. Different types of mediators can fit in the growth factor description, including a series of cytokines, TGF‐β being the prototypic example.

TGF‐β is a pleiotropic cytokine that can regulate cell growth, differentiation, and matrix production. Generally, TGF‐β has an anabolic nature, increasing the proliferation and chemotaxis of PDL cells, and upregulating the expression of COL‐I (Matsuda et al., 1992; Sporn and Roberts, 1993; Chang et al., 2002). TGF‐β also presents anabolic properties on bone tissue, recruiting osteoblast precursors and inducing their differentiation, and enhancing the production of bone matrix proteins (Kanaan and Kanaan, 2006). TGF‐β expression was found to be increased during OTM, being observed in osteoblasts in the tension zone, and in bone‐resorbing osteoclasts in the compression zone (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Dudic et al., 2006), which suggests a broad role for this cytokine in the tooth movement process (Garlet et al., 2007). Barbieri et al. (2013) reported a significant increase in TGF‐β in GCF during OTM at the pressure side. A recent study investigated the potential application of platelet‐rich plasma, characteristically rich in growth factors such as TGF‐β, in experimental OTM in rats. However, no significant effects were observed (Akbulut et al., 2019), suggesting that the endogenous levels of molecules may be sufficient to promote an effective tooth movement.