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ARTAEANS (Ἀρταῖοι, οἱ)

CHRISTOPHER BARON

University of Notre Dame

At the beginning of his CATALOGUE of XERXES’ invasion force, Herodotus states that the Persians first called themselves Artaeans, though the Greeks called them Cephenes; they later adopted the name “Persians” from PERSES, son of PERSEUS and ANDROMEDA (7.61.2–3). Hellanicus appears to have given similar information (cf. Pearson 1939, 204–5); after citing Hellanicus for a region of PERSIA called Artaea, Stephen of Byzantium writes, “The Persians call ancient men Artaeans, just as the Greeks call them HEROES” (s.v. Ἀρταία (A 456) = BNJ 4 F60). The Old Persian root *ṛta‐ meant “justice, truth, proper order,” whence the many attested names beginning Arta‐ (Tavernier 2007, 542–43).